scholarly journals Coronary Artery Calcification and Plaque Characteristics in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cullen Soares ◽  
Amjad Samara ◽  
Matthew F. Yuyun ◽  
Justin B. Echouffo‐Tcheugui ◽  
Ahmad Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Noncalcified Plaque ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Studies have reported that people living with HIV have higher burden of subclinical cardiovascular disease, but the data are not adequately synthesized. We performed meta‐analyses of studies of coronary artery calcium and coronary plaque in people living with HIV. Methods and Results We performed systematic search in electronic databases, and data were abstracted in standardized forms. Study‐specific estimates were pooled using meta‐analysis. 43 reports representing 27 unique studies and involving 10 867 participants (6699 HIV positive, 4168 HIV negative, mean age 52 years, 86% men, 32% Black) were included. The HIV‐positive participants were younger (mean age 49 versus 57 years) and had lower Framingham Risk Score (mean score 6 versus 18) compared with the HIV‐negative participants. The pooled estimate of percentage with coronary artery calcium >0 was 45% (95% CI, 43%–47%) for HIV‐positive participants, and 52% (50%–53%) for HIV‐negative participants. This difference was no longer significant after adjusting for difference in Framingham Risk Score between the 2 groups. The odds ratio of coronary artery calcium progression for HIV‐positive versus ‐negative participants was 1.64 (95% CI, 0.91–2.37). The pooled estimate for prevalence of noncalcified plaque was 49% (95% CI, 47%–52%) versus 20% (95% CI, 17%–23%) for HIV‐positive versus HIV‐negative participants, respectively. Odds ratio for noncalcified plaque for HIV‐positive versus ‐negative participants was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.08–1.38). There was significant heterogeneity that was only partially explained by available study‐level characteristics. Conclusions People living with HIV have higher prevalence of noncalcified coronary plaques and similar prevalence of coronary artery calcium, compared with HIV‐negative individuals. Future studies on coronary artery calcium and plaque progression can further elucidate subclinical atherosclerosis in people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Loco-Regional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in People Living with HIV

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Cristina Micali ◽  
Ylenia Russotto ◽  
Grazia Caci ◽  
Manuela Ceccarelli ◽  
Andrea Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 75–90% of primary liver cancers and is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the HIV-positive population, the risk of HCC is approximately four times higher than in the general population, with higher cancer-specific mortality than in HIV-negative patients. In most cases, HCC diagnosis is made in patients younger than the HIV-negative population and in the intermediate-advanced stage, thus limiting the therapeutic possibilities. Treatment choice in HIV-positive patients with HCC is subject to cancer staging, liver function and health status, as for HIV-negative and non-HIV-negative HCC patients. There are relatively few studies on the efficacy and safety in HIV-positive patients to date in loco-regional treatments for HCC. So far, literature shows that curative treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have no significant differences in overall survival between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, as opposed to palliative treatments such as TACE, where there is a significant difference in overall survival. Although it can be assumed that the most recently discovered loco-regional therapies are applicable to HIV-positive patients with HCC in the same way as HIV-negative patients, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The purpose of our review is to evaluate these treatments, their efficacy, effectiveness, safety and their applicability to HIV-positive patients.

scholarly journals Long-term predictive value of the Framingham Risk Score for Stroke in HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men

Neurology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (24) ◽  
pp. 2094-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Mateen ◽  
W. S. Post ◽  
N. Sacktor ◽  
A. G. Abraham ◽  
J. T. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

Sexual function and dysfunction in older HIV-positive individuals

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

With many parts of the world seeing an aging cohort of people living with HIV (PLHIV), it is becoming clear that some organ systems in these individuals are at a greater risk of disease. There are effects on sexual functioning in aging PLHIV, with many studies finding higher levels of sexual dysfunction in HIV-positive individuals compared with those who are HIV-negative. HIV itself, along with antiretroviral agents, may cause dysfunction. Treatment involves making an assessment of the dysfunction and using the usual methods available, although treatment may be complicated by hormonal deficiencies in HIV-positive individuals, along with the effects of antiretroviral therapy, and drug interactions involving such medications. Furthermore, the issue of HIV transmission needs to be addressed in those seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction.

Mortality in Individuals Without Known Coronary Artery Disease but With Discordance Between the Framingham Risk Score and Coronary Artery Calcium

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ahmadi ◽  
Fereshteh Hajsadeghi ◽  
Roger S. Blumenthal ◽  
Matthew J. Budoff ◽  
Gregg W. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Artery Disease
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