scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy P. Berman ◽  
Faye L. Norby ◽  
Thomas Mosley ◽  
Elsayed Z. Soliman ◽  
Rebecca F. Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dementia independent of clinical stroke. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In a community-based cohort, the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), we evaluated (1) the longitudinal association of incident AF and (2) the cross-sectional association of prevalent AF with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Methods— The longitudinal analysis included 963 participants (mean age, 73±4.4 years; 62% women; 51% black) without prevalent stroke or AF who underwent a brain MRI in 1993 to 1995 and a second MRI in 2004 to 2006 (mean, 10.6±0.8 years). Outcomes included subclinical cerebral infarctions, sulcal size, ventricular size, and, for the cross-sectional analysis, white matter hyperintensity volume and total brain volume. Results— In the longitudinal analysis, 29 (3.0%) participants developed AF after the first brain MRI. Those who developed AF had higher odds of increase in subclinical cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.39–6.83), worsening sulcal grade (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.04–12.2), and worsening ventricular grade (OR, 9.34; 95% CI, 1.24–70.2). In cross-sectional analysis, of 969 participants, 35 (3.6%) had prevalent AF at the time of the 2004 to 2006 MRI scan. Those with AF had greater odds of higher sulcal (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1) and ventricular grade (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.7) after multivariable adjustment and no difference in white matter hyperintensity or total brain volume. Conclusions— AF is independently associated with increase in subclinical cerebral infarction and worsening sulcal and ventricular grade—morphological changes associated with aging and dementia. More research is needed to define the mechanisms underlying AF-related neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF DROWNING VICTIUM WITH HYPOXIC DAMAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
P. L. Andropova ◽  
P. A. Popov ◽  
P. V. Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Diffusion Weighted

In most countries, drowning is one of the three leading causes of children’s death from 5 and 14 years of age, and the most common cause with children under the age of 4 [1–3]. Drowning makes 7% of all fatal accidents involving similar types of brain damage among all age groups worldwide.The aim. To show the importance of brain magnetic resonance studies of a patient with hypoxic-ischemic lesion during the acute period. An attempt to predict the outcome after global brain hypoxia in a little boy.Materials and methods. A 2-year-old boy was examined with a dynamic brain MRI after drowning.Results. Brain MRI made 30 minutes later after drowning showed bilateral matter hyperintensity from the parietal lobes, posterior frontal lobes, hippocampus, right lenticular nucleus, ventral tegmentum of the brainstem on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). A lower diffusion coefficient on Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps reveals intracellular (cytotoxic) edema caused by acute hypoxic damage. At follow-up after 15 days — T2-weighted image shows white matter hyperintensity. The expansion of the ventricular system, the subarachnoid space of the large hemispheres reflects diffuse cerebral atrophy.Conclusion. Physicians need revealing the vastness of hypoxic brain damage and reliable criteria to predict the outcome of the disease. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides a sensitive measure of cerebral hypoxia and provides a reliable prediction of the outcome of drowning.

scholarly journals Canine cognitive dysfunction patients have reduced total hippocampal volume compared with aging control dogs: A comparative magnetic resonance imaging study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
Curtis Wells Dewey ◽  
Mark Rishniw ◽  
Philippa J. Johnson ◽  
Simon Platt ◽  
Kelsey Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is a key pathologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of human Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hippocampal atrophy has not been documented via MRI in canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD), which is considered as the dog model of human AD.Aim: The purpose of this retrospective comparative volumetric MRI study was to compare total hippocampal volumes between successfully aging (control) dogs and dogs diagnosed with CCD.Methods: Mimics® software was used to derive total hippocampal volumes and total brain volumes from the MRI studies of 42 aging dogs (≥ 9 years): 16 dogs diagnosed with CCD and 26 successfully aging controls. Hippocampal volumes were normalized to total brain volume and these values were compared between groups using Mann–Whitney U tests.Results: Total hippocampal volume normalized to total brain volume was significantly less for CCD patients compared with control dogs (p = 0.04).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that – similar to human AD – hippocampal atrophy is a pathological feature of CCD. This finding has potential importance for both investigating disease mechanisms related to dementia as well as future hippocampal-targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Mediterranean-type diet and brain structural change from 73 to 76 years in a Scottish cohort

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
Janie Corley ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Maria C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
Leone C.A. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Lower Adherence

Objective:To assess the association between Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) and change in brain MRI volumetric measures and mean cortical thickness across a 3-year period in older age (73–76 years).Methods:We focused on 2 longitudinal brain volumes (total and gray matter; n = 401 and 398, respectively) plus a longitudinal measurement of cortical thickness (n = 323), for which the previous cross-sectional evidence of an association with the MeDi was strongest. Adherence to the MeDi was calculated from data gathered from a food frequency questionnaire at age 70, 3 years prior to the baseline imaging data collection.Results:In regression models adjusting for relevant demographic and physical health indicators, we found that lower adherence to the MeDi was associated with greater 3-year reduction in total brain volume (explaining 0.5% of variance, p < 0.05). This effect was half the size of the largest covariate effect (i.e., age). Cross-sectional associations between MeDi and baseline MRI measures in 562 participants were not significant. Targeted analyses of meat and fish consumption did not replicate previous associations with total brain volume or total gray matter volume.Conclusions:Lower adherence to the MeDi in an older Scottish cohort is predictive of total brain atrophy over a 3-year interval. Fish and meat consumption does not drive this change, suggesting that other components of the MeDi or, possibly, all of its components in combination are responsible for the association.

Yield of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy Diagnosis from 1998 to 2020: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Stern ◽  
Liora Kornreich ◽  
Hadassa Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis

Abstract Background We aimed to find the clinical significance of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy and the lateralization of these findings with electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of all EEGs and brain MRIs of 600 consecutive epilepsy patients from 1998 to 2020. Results Data were available for 563 cases (267 females). Ninety percent of the patients were 18 years old or younger. A total of 345 patients (61.3%) had focal epilepsy, 180 (32%), generalized, and 38 (6.7%), inconclusive. In 187 (33.2%), the first MRI was abnormal and in 81 (out of 108 repeated MRI), the second was pathological. The most frequent brain abnormalities were cortical dysplasia in 41 (18.1%), other structural abnormalities in 25 (11%), various phacomatoses in 23 (10.1%), and mesial temporal sclerosis in 17 (7.5%). Among 226 patients with abnormal MRI, 171 (75.6%) had focal epilepsy when compared with 36 (15.9%) with generalized epilepsy (p <0.001). In 121 patients (53.5%), the result of the abnormal MRI contributed significantly to the understanding of the epilepsy etiology. The side of abnormality was lateralized to the EEG focus in 120 cases (53%); in 10/15 cases with infantile spasms (66%), MRI was significantly abnormal. In 33, in whom the first MRI was normal, a second MRI revealed a significant abnormality. Conclusion Brain MRI is an important tool in epilepsy diagnosis, mainly in focal seizures and infantile spasms. A repeat MRI is mandatory in intractable focal cases to improve the yield of this test.

U mỡ trong xương bướm: một trường hợp hiếm gặp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Hien Trinh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Sphenoid Bone ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Intraosseous Lipoma

TÓM TẮT U mỡ trong xương là khối u lành tính hiếm gặp, thường gặp ở các xương dẹt, hiếm gặp ở xương nền sọ, đặc biệt là xương bướm. Trong đa số các trường hợp, u mỡ trong xương bướm thường được phát hiện tình cờ qua chụp cắt lớp vi tinh (CLVT) hoặc cộng hưởng từ (CHT) sọ não. Đây là một khối u phát triển chậm, ít gây ra triệu chứng, một số trường hợp gây triệu chứng khi khối u to chèn ép vào cấu trúc lân cận như tuyến yên hoặc dây thần kinh thị. Trong bài này, chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp u mỡ trong xương bướm không triệu chứng được phát hiện tình cờ và được chẩn đoán dựa vào phim chụp cộng hưởng từ sọ não. Bệnh nhân được khuyến nghị theo dõi định kỳ bằng cộng hưởng từ mà không phải tiến hành bất kỳ phương pháp điều trị nào. Từ khóa: U mỡ, xương bướm, MRI, cộng hưởng từ sọ não, chẩn đoán hình ảnh. ABSTRACT INTRAOSSEOUS LIPOMA OF SPHENOID BONE: A RARE CASE REVIEW Intraosseous lipoma is very rare, usually benign tumor of flat bones. The incidence of an intraosseous lipomalocated basal skull bones is extremely rare, especially in sphenoid bone. Radiological imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used to detect the intraosseous lipoma by accident. These tumors are slow growing and usually asymptomatic, in some cases causing symptoms when the large tumor presses on nearby structures such as pituitary gland or the optic nerve. We present a rare case of lipomaof the sphenoid bone discovered incidentally with brain magnetic resonance imaging. The patient has been followed-up by magnetic resonance imaging without the need for surgery. Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma, sphenoid bone, MRI, brain MRI, diagnostic radiology

scholarly journals Maple syrup urine disease: magnetic resonance imaging findings in three patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aliya Allahwala ◽  
Sibtain Ahmed ◽  
Bushra Afroze
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Maple Syrup Urine Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Maple Syrup ◽  
Urine Disease ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder, caused by branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) deficiency, leading to toxic accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine and valine and their corresponding ?-ketoacids. The diagnosis of MSUD is based on elevated BCAAs and allo-isoleucine in plasma, and branched-chain hydroxyacids and ketoacids in urine. The identification of alloisoleucine >5 µmol/L is considered pathognomonic. Moreover, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing atypical signal intensity and oedema is characteristic of MSUD. Recognition of the classical neuro-radiological findings of MSUD is particularly useful in local settings as many healthcare facilities lack the resources to measure Plasma Amino Acids (PAA). We report three cases of MSUD, in whom the disorder was strongly suspected at presentation, based on classical brain MRI findings, which was urgently confirmed by PAA analysis Continuous...

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document