scholarly journals Different Brain Mechanisms Mediate Sensitivity to Sensory Consonance and Harmonic Context: Evidence from Auditory Event-Related Brain Potentials

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Regnault ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand ◽  
Mireille Besson
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Sensory Consonance ◽  
Harmonic Context

The goal of this study was to analyze the time-course of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) processes that govern musical harmonic expectancy. Eight-chord sequences were presented to 12 musicians and 12 nonmusicians. Expectations for the last chord were manipulated both at the sensory level (i.e., the last chord was sensory consonant or dissonant) and at the cognitive level (the harmonic function of the target was varied by manipulating the harmonic context built up by the first six chords of the sequence). Changes in the harmonic function of the target chord mainly modulate the amplitude of a positive component peaking around 300 msec (P3) after target onset, reflecting top-down influences on the perceptual stages of processing. In contrast, changes in the acoustic structure of the target chord (sensory consonance) mainly modulate the amplitude of a late positive component that develops between 300 and 800 msec after target onset. Most importantly, the effects of sensory consonance and harmonic context on the event-related brain potentials associated with the target chords were found to be independent, thus suggesting that two separate processors contribute to the building up of musical expectancy.

The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning: Electrophysiological evidence from ERPs

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097421
Author(s):  
Qin Jiang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Present Event

Intention is a typical mental state in the theory of mind. However, to date, there have been theoretical debates on the conceptual structure of intention. The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning remains unclear. The present event-related potential (ERP) study had two purposes: first, to investigate the neural correlates of intention reasoning based on a differentiated conceptual structure distinguishing desire and intention; second, to investigate the neural basis of intention reasoning for different agents. Thus, we compared the neural activity elicited by intention reasoning for self and for others when the intention matched or mismatched the desire of the agent. The results revealed that three ERP components distinguished among different types of intention reasoning. A negative-going ERP deflection with right frontal distribution between 400 and 500 ms might reflect the cognitive conflict involved in intention reasoning, a right frontal late positive component might be associated with the categorisation of agents, and a centro-parietal late slow wave might indicate the conceptual mental operations associated with decoupling mechanisms in intention processing. These findings implied the neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning and provided neural evidence for the differentiated conception of intention.

Modulation of forgiveness on processing hurt situations: A study of event-related potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
Yangen Zhou ◽  
Jiamei Lu ◽  
Xiaochen Tang ◽  
Chaoyi Hu ◽  
Haibin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
University Students ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Brain

To explore the neuro-mechanism of the time course of processing a hurt situation, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) generated in the brain in response to stimuli in individuals with different degrees of forgiveness. Participants were 216 university students. Of the early ERP components, the negative-deflecting N1 was modulated neither by degree of forgiveness nor by the hurt situation, and the positive-deflecting P2 was larger for low-forgiveness than for high-forgiveness participants, and for low-hurt than for high-hurt situations. The N2, which identifies and encodes stimulus, was enhanced in the high-forgiveness group and for high-hurt situations. Importantly, the late positive component (LPC) stage of stimulus evaluation was larger in the high-forgiveness group for high-hurt situations, but in the low-forgiveness group was evident for low-hurt situations. These data indicate that the modulation of forgiveness on processing hurt situations occurs at the late stage of information processing.

scholarly journals Effects of Musical Expertise and Boundary Markers on Phrase Perception in Music

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Neuhaus ◽  
Thomas R. Knösche ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Function ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Phrase Boundary ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Pause Length ◽  
Closure Positive Shift

A neural correlate for phrase boundary perception in music has recently been identified in musicians. It is called music closure positive shift (“music CPS”) and has an equivalent in the perception of speech (“language CPS”). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of musical expertise and different phrase boundary markers on the music CPS, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). Musicians and nonmusicians were tested while listening to binary phrased melodies. ERPs and ERFs of both subject groups differed considerably from each other. Phrased melody versions evoked an electric CPS and a magnetic CPSm in musicians, but an early negativity and a less pronounced CPSm in nonmusicians, suggesting different perceptual strategies for both subject groups. Musicians seem to process musical phrases in a structured manner similar to language. Nonmusicians, in contrast, are thought to detect primarily discontinuity in the melodic input. Variations of acoustic cues in the vicinity of the phrase boundary reveal that the CPS is influenced by a number of parameters that are considered to indicate phrasing in melodies: pause length, length of the last tone preceding the pause, and harmonic function of this last tone. This is taken as evidence that the CPS mainly reflects higher cognitive processing of phrasing, rather than mere perception of pauses. Furthermore, results suggest that the ERP and MEG methods are sensitive to different aspects within phrase perception. For both subject groups, qualitatively different ERP components (CPS and early negativity) seem to reflect a top-down activation of general but different phrasing schemata, whereas quantitatively differing MEG signals appear to reflect gradual differences in the bottom-up processing of acoustic boundary markers.

Dyspnea-pain counterirritation induced by inspiratory threshold loading: a laser-evoked potentials study

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bouvier ◽  
Louis Laviolette ◽  
Felix Kindler ◽  
Lionel Naccache ◽  
André Mouraux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Laser Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Nociceptive Flexion Reflex ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: experimentally induced dyspnea of the work/effort type inhibits, in a top-down manner, the spinal transmission of nociceptive inputs (dyspnea-pain counterirritation). Previous studies have demonstrated that this inhibition can be assessed by measuring the nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII). However, its clinical application is limited because of the strong discomfort associated with the electrical stimuli required to elicit the RIII reflex. Study objectives: we examined whether the dyspnea-pain counterirritation phenomenon can be evaluated by measuring the effect of work/effort type dyspnea on the magnitude of laser-evoked brain potentials (LEPs). Methods: 10 normal male volunteers were studied (age: 19–30 years). LEPs were elicited using a CO2 laser stimulator delivering 10- to 15-ms stimuli of 6 ± 0.7 W over a 12.5 mm2 area. The EEG was recorded using nine scalp channels. Non-nociceptive somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) served as control. LEPs and SEPs were recorded before, during, and after 10 min of experimentally induced dyspnea [inspiratory threshold loading (ITL)]. Results: pain caused by the nociceptive laser stimulus was mild. ITL consistently induced dyspnea, mostly of the “excessive effort” type. Amplitude of the N2-P2 wave of LEPs decreased by 37.6 ± 13.8% during ITL and was significantly correlated with the intensity of dyspnea [ r = 0.66, CI 95% (0.08–0.92, P = 0.0319)]. In contrast, ITL had no effect on the magnitude of non-nociceptive SEPs. Discussion: experimentally induced dyspnea of the work/effort type reduces the magnitude of LEPs. This reduction correlates with the intensity of dyspnea. The recording of LEPs could constitute a clinically applicable approach to assess the dyspnea-pain counterirritation phenomenon in patients.

scholarly journals Facial expressions modulate the time course of long latency auditory brain potentials

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Pourtois ◽  
Damien Debatisse ◽  
Paul-Andre Despland ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Long Latency

Neural correlates of pride and joy recognition in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yue Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Negative Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Insight Into

I investigated neural processing during the recognition of pride and joy in early childhood using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Electroencephalography recording was taken of 21 children aged between 4 and 6 years. They were shown photographs of familiar peers and strangers whose facial expressions displayed the emotion of either pride or joy. ERPs were recorded for the children's judgment of the expression of these two emotions when an image was presented. The results demonstrate that the neural dynamics during children's recognition of pride and joy involve three stages: The early negative component is spontaneously responsive to familiar faces, the midlatency negative central component is responsive to expression of familiar faces, and the late positive component marks greater extended processing of an expression of pride. These findings provide new insight into the neural mechanism of pride and joy recognition in children aged 4 to 6 years.

scholarly journals Anticipating Words and Their Gender: An Event-related Brain Potential Study of Semantic Integration, Gender Expectancy, and Gender Agreement in Spanish Sentence Reading

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1272-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Y. Y. Wicha ◽  
Eva M. Moreno ◽  
Marta Kutas
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Preceding Article ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
And Gender

Recent studies indicate that the human brain attends to and uses grammatical gender cues during sentence comprehension. Here, we examine the nature and time course of the effect of gender on word-by-word sentence reading. Event related brain potentials were recorded to an article and noun, while native Spanish speakers read medium to high-constraint Spanish sentences for comprehension. The noun either fit the sentence meaning or not, and matched the preceding article in gender or not; in addition, the preceding article was either expected or unexpected based on prior sentence context. Semantically anomalous nouns elicited an N400. Gender disagreeing nouns elicited a posterior late positivity (P600), replicating previous findings for words. Gender agreement and semantic congruity interacted in both the N400 window—with a larger negativity frontally for double violations—and the P600 window—with a larger positivity for semantic anomalies, relative to the prestimulus baseline. Finally, unexpected articles elicited an enhanced positivity (500–700 msec post onset) relative to expected articles. Overall, our data indicate that readers anticipate and attend to the gender of both articles and nouns, and use gender in real time to maintain agreement and to build sentence meaning.

scholarly journals Autobiographically Significant Concepts: More Episodic than Semantic in Nature? An Electrophysiological Investigation of Overlapping Types of Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Renoult ◽  
Patrick S. R. Davidson ◽  
Erika Schmitz ◽  
Lillian Park ◽  
Kenneth Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Episodic Information ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Highly Correlated

A common assertion is that semantic memory emerges from episodic memory, shedding the distinctive contexts associated with episodes over time and/or repeated instances. Some semantic concepts, however, may retain their episodic origins or acquire episodic information during life experiences. The current study examined this hypothesis by investigating the ERP correlates of autobiographically significant (AS) concepts, that is, semantic concepts that are associated with vivid episodic memories. We inferred the contribution of semantic and episodic memory to AS concepts using the amplitudes of the N400 and late positive component, respectively. We compared famous names that easily brought to mind episodic memories (high AS names) against equally famous names that did not bring such recollections to mind (low AS names) on a semantic task (fame judgment) and an episodic task (recognition memory). Compared with low AS names, high AS names were associated with increased amplitude of the late positive component in both tasks. Moreover, in the recognition task, this effect of AS was highly correlated with recognition confidence. In contrast, the N400 component did not differentiate the high versus low AS names but, instead, was related to the amount of general knowledge participants had regarding each name. These results suggest that semantic concepts high in AS, such as famous names, have an episodic component and are associated with similar brain processes to those that are engaged by episodic memory. Studying AS concepts may provide unique insights into how episodic and semantic memory interact.

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