Neural Substrates of Perceptual Enhancement by Cross-Modal Spatial Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McDonald ◽  
Wolfgang A. Teder-Sälejärvi ◽  
Francesco Di Russo ◽  
Steven A. Hillyard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Superior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Related Potentials

Orienting attention involuntarily to the location of a sudden sound improves perception of subsequent visual stimuli that appear nearby. The neural substrates of this cross-modal attention effect were investigated by recording event-related potentials to the visual stimuli using a dense electrode array and localizing their brain sources through inverse dipole modeling. A spatially nonpredictive auditory precue modulated visual-evoked neural activity first in the superior temporal cortex at 120–140 msec and then in the ventral occipital cortex of the fusiform gyrus 15–25 msec later. This spatio-temporal sequence of brain activity suggests that enhanced visual perception produced by the cross-modal orienting of spatial attention results from neural feedback from the multimodal superior temporal cortex to the visual cortex of the ventral processing stream.

scholarly journals N1 component of event-related potential evoked by simple composite figures in the lateral occipital cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Uchiyama ◽  
Shoichi Iwashita ◽  
Takashi Mitsui
Keyword(s):  
Illusory Contour ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Negative Component ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Lateral Occipital Cortex ◽  
Geometrical Relationships

AbstractSince Sugawara and Morotomi (1991) first reported that illusory contour (IC) figures, or Kanizsa square inducers (KSI), evoked a significant N1 component, the first visually evoked negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs), in the lateral occipital cortex (LO), many ERP studies have confirmed their finding, and these studies showed that Kanizsa-type inducers alone evoked a relatively large N1 in the LO, even when the inducers are oriented to not form an IC (see Murray and Herrmann, 2013). In the present study, we used non-IC simple composite figures composed of several elementary shapes (e.g., triplet squares or quadruplet circles) as visual stimuli, and found that the composite figures evoked a significant N1 comparable to that evoked by KSI in the anterior LO, whereas solitary elementary shapes did not. Thus, it appears that the LO is activated by not only an IC but also the compositeness of figures, which implies that the LO might analyze the geometrical relationships among multiple 2D shapes that compose a single composite figure.

Dissociating Effects of Movement Preparation and Spatial Attention on Visual Processing: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Ley ◽  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study investigated whether effects of movement preparation and visual spatial attention on visual processing can be dissociated. Movement preparation and visual spatial attention were manipulated orthogonally in a dual-task design. Ten participants covertly prepared unimanual lateral arm movements to one hemifield, while attending to visual stimuli presented either in the same or in the hemifield opposite to the movement goal. Event-related potentials to task-irrelevant visual stimuli were analysed. Both joint and distinct modulations of visual ERPs by visual spatial attention and movement preparation were observed: The latencies of all analysed peaks (P1, N1, P2) were shorter for matching (in terms of direction of attention and movement) versus non-matching sensory–motor conditions. The P1 amplitude, as well, depended on the sensory–motor matching: The P1 was larger for non-matching compared to matching conditions. By contrast, the N1 amplitude showed additive effects of sensory attention and movement preparation: with attention and movement preparation directed towards the visual stimulus the N1 was largest, with both directed opposite to the stimulus the N1 was smallest. P2 amplitudes, instead, were only modulated by sensory attention. The present data show that movement preparation and sensory spatial attention are tightly linked and interrelated, showing joint modulations throughout stimulus processing. At the same time, however, our data argue against the idea of identity of the two systems. Instead, sensory spatial attention and movement preparation seem to be processed at least partially independently, though still exerting a combined influence on visual stimulus processing.

scholarly journals Where is the money? Dynamics in feedback processing and attention during spatial probabilistic learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Pütz ◽  
Berry van den Berg ◽  
Monicque M. Lorist
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
Spatial Stimulus ◽  
Related Potentials

Learned feature-based stimulus-reward-associations can modulate behavior and the underlying neural processing of information. In our study, we investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying learning of spatial stimulus-reward-associations. Participants performed a probabilistic spatial reward-learning task that required participants, within 40 trials, to learn which out of four locations on a computer screen yielded the most gain-feedback when chosen. Our behavioral findings show that participants learned to choose which location was most rewarding. Those findings were paralleled by significant amplitude differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the presentation of loss and gain feedback; the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was more negative in response to loss feedback compared to gain feedback, but showed no modulation by trial-number. On the other hand, the late positive component (LPC), became larger in response to losses as the learning-set progressed, but smaller in response to gains. Additionally, immediately following feedback presentation, brain activity in the visual cortex - read out through alpha frequency oscillations measured over occipital sites - was predictive of the amplitude of the N2pc ERP component, a marker of spatial attention orienting, observed on the next trial. Taken together, we elucidated neurocognitive dynamics underlying feedback processing in spatial reward learning, and the subsequent effects that spatial stimulus-reward association learning have on spatial attention.

Emotion and Attention Interaction Studied through Event-Related Potentials

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carretié ◽  
Manuel Martín-Loeches ◽  
José Antonio Hinojosa ◽  
Francisco Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Input Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics

Several studies on hemodynamic brain activity indicate that emotional visual stimuli elicit greater activation than neutral stimuli in attention-related areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the visual association cortex (VAC). In order to explore the temporo-spatial characteristics of the interaction between attention and emotion, two processes characterized by involving short and rapid phases, event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in 29 subjects using a 60-electrode array and the LORETA source localization software. A cue/target paradigm was employed in order to investigate both expectancy-related and input processing related attention. Four categories of stimuli were presented to subjects: positive arousing, negative arousing, relaxing, and neutral. Three attention-related components were finally analyzed: N280pre (from pretarget ERPs), P200post and P340post (both from posttarget ERPs). N280pre had a prefrontal focus (ACC and/or medial prefrontal cortex) and presented significantly lower amplitudes in response to cues announcing negative targets. This result suggests a greater capacity of nonaversive stimuli to generate expectancy-related attention. P200post and P340post were both elicited in the VAC, and showed their highest amplitudes in response to negative- and to positive-arousing stimuli, respectively. The origin of P200post appears to be located dorsally with respect to the clear ventral-stream origin of P340post. The conjunction of temporal and spatial characteristics of P200post and P340post leads to the deduction that input processing-related attention associated with emotional visual stimulation involves an initial, rapid, and brief ‘early’ attentional response oriented to rapid motor action, being more prominent towards negative stimulation. This is followed by a slower but longer ‘late’ attentional response oriented to deeper processing, elicited to a greater extent by appetitive stimulation.

scholarly journals Anytime collaborative brain–computer interfaces for enhancing perceptual group decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Davide Valeriani ◽  
Caterina Cinel ◽  
Luca Citi ◽  
Riccardo Poli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Perceptual Group ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractIn this paper we present, and test in two realistic environments, collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces (cBCIs) that can significantly increase both the speed and the accuracy of perceptual group decision-making. The key distinguishing features of this work are: (1) our cBCIs combine behavioural, physiological and neural data in such a way as to be able to provide a group decision at any time after the quickest team member casts their vote, but the quality of a cBCI-assisted decision improves monotonically the longer the group decision can wait; (2) we apply our cBCIs to two realistic scenarios of military relevance (patrolling a dark corridor and manning an outpost at night where users need to identify any unidentified characters that appear) in which decisions are based on information conveyed through video feeds; and (3) our cBCIs exploit Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited in brain activity by the appearance of potential threats but, uniquely, the appearance time is estimated automatically by the system (rather than being unrealistically provided to it). As a result of these elements, in the two test environments, groups assisted by our cBCIs make both more accurate and faster decisions than when individual decisions are integrated in more traditional manners.

EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS TO VISUAL, AUDITORY, AND BIMODAL (COMBINED AUDITORY-VISUAL) STIMULI

2007 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÜMMÜHAN İŞOĞLU-ALKAÇ ◽  
KARINA KEDZIOR ◽  
GONCA KESKINDEMIRCI ◽  
NUMAN ERMUTLU ◽  
SACIT KARAMURSEL
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials
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