scholarly journals A Computational Model of the Functional Role of the Ventral-Striatal D2 Receptor in the Expression of Previously Acquired Behaviors

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Smith ◽  
Suzanna Becker ◽  
Shitij Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Temporal Difference ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Reward Motivation

The functional role of dopamine has attracted a great deal of interest ever since it was empirically discovered that dopamine-blocking drugs could be used to treat psychosis. Specifically, the D2 receptor and its expression in the ventral striatum have emerged as pivotal in our understanding of the complex role of the neuromodulator in schizophrenia, reward, and motivation. Our departure from the ubiquitous temporal difference (TD) model of dopamine neuron firing allows us to account for a range of experimental evidence suggesting that ventral striatal dopamine D2 receptor manipulation selectively modulates motivated behavior for distal versus proximal outcomes. Whether an internal model or the TD approach (or a mixture) is better suited to a comprehensive exposition of tonic and phasic dopamine will have important implications for our understanding of reward, motivation, schizophrenia, and impulsivity. We also use the model to help unite some of the leading cognitive hypotheses of dopamine function under a computational umbrella. We have used the model ourselves to stimulate and focus new rounds of experimental research.

scholarly journals Motivational learning biases are differentially modulated by genetic determinants of striatal and prefrontal dopamine function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Richter ◽  
Lieke de Boer ◽  
Marc Guitart-Masip ◽  
Gusalija Behnisch ◽  
Constanze I. Seidenbecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Learning Biases ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Dopaminergic Tone

AbstractDopaminergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in appetitively motivated behavior in mammals, including humans. Notably, action and valence are not independent in motivated tasks, and it is particularly difficult for humans to learn the inhibition of an action to obtain a reward. We have previously observed that the carriers of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA A1 allele, that has been associated with reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptor expression, showed a diminished learning performance when required to learn response inhibition to obtain rewards, a finding that was replicated in two independent cohorts. With our present study, we followed two aims: first, we aimed to replicate our finding on the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism in a third independent cohort (N = 99) and to investigate the nature of the genetic effects more closely using trial-by-trial behavioral analysis and computational modeling in the combined dataset (N = 281). Second, we aimed to assess a potentially modulatory role of prefrontal dopamine availability, using the widely studied COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism as a proxy. We first report a replication of the above mentioned finding. Interestingly, after combining all three cohorts, exploratory analyses regarding the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism suggest that homozygotes for the Met allele, which has been linked to higher prefrontal dopaminergic tone, show a lower learning bias. Our results corroborate the importance of genetic variability of the dopaminergic system in individual learning differences of action–valence interaction and, furthermore, suggest that motivational learning biases are differentially modulated by genetic determinants of striatal and prefrontal dopamine function.

Pathology, Phenomenology and the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Schizophrenic Symptom ◽  
Dopamine Hypothesis ◽  
Dopamine Innervation

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia implies that positive schizophrenic symptoms should be understandable by reference to brain structures receiving a dopamine innervation, or in terms of the functional role of dopamine itself. The basal ganglia, ventral striatum, septo-hippocampal system, and prefrontal cortex, sites of mesotelencephalic dopamine innervation, are examined and it is argued that their dysfunction could form the basis of particular schizophrenic symptom classes. The postulated involvement of dopamine in reinforcement processes might further assist such interpretations. This type of analysis can be extended to other categories of schizophrenic psychopathology.

Role of dopamine D2 receptor in hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Sa Yong Kim ◽  
Kyu seok Kim ◽  
Seung Woo Shin ◽  
Min Sun Kim ◽  
Ja Hyun Baik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor in Stress-Induced Myelin Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Choi ◽  
Ji Eun Na ◽  
Ye Ran Yoon ◽  
Hyo Jin Lee ◽  
Sehyoun Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Dopamine D2

scholarly journals Dopamine D2R is Required for Hippocampal-dependent Memory and Plasticity at the CA3-CA1 Synapse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Espadas ◽  
Oscar Ortiz ◽  
Patricia García-Sanz ◽  
Adrián Sanz-Magro ◽  
Samuel Alberquilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Term Potentiation

Abstract Dopamine receptors play an important role in motivational, emotional, and motor responses. In addition, growing evidence suggests a key role of hippocampal dopamine receptors in learning and memory. It is well known that associative learning and synaptic plasticity of CA3-CA1 requires the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R). However, the specific role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) on memory-related neuroplasticity processes is still undefined. Here, by using two models of D2R loss, D2R knockout mice (Drd2−/−) and mice with intrahippocampal injections of Drd2-small interfering RNA (Drd2-siRNA), we aimed to investigate how D2R is involved in learning and memory as well as in long-term potentiation of the hippocampus. Our studies revealed that the genetic inactivation of D2R impaired the spatial memory, associative learning, and the classical conditioning of eyelid responses. Similarly, deletion of D2R reduced the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 synapse. Our results demonstrate the first direct evidence that D2R is essential in behaving mice for trace eye blink conditioning and associated changes in hippocampal synaptic strength. Taken together, these results indicate a key role of D2R in regulating hippocampal plasticity changes and, in consequence, acquisition and consolidation of spatial and associative forms of memory.

scholarly journals A low dosage of the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride affects effort allocation for reward regardless of trait extraversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Andreas Ohmann ◽  
Niclas Kuper ◽  
Jan Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Reward Motivation ◽  
Mixed Pattern

Abstract Dopamine (DA) is known to be involved in various aspects of reward processing and goal-directed behavior. The present preregistered study aims at directly accessing the causal influence of DA activity on reward motivation in humans, while also accounting for trait extraversion. Therefore, we examined the effect of a single dose of the DA D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (200 mg) on effort allocation in a modified version of the Effort-Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). Based on its presumably DA increasing action, we expected the low dose of sulpiride to increase participants’ willingness to allocate effort during the modified EEfRT relative to placebo, especially in trials with low probability of reward attainment. Further, we expected a moderating effect of trait extraversion on the effects of sulpiride. Two hundred and three healthy male participants were tested in a randomized, double-blind between-subjects design. Contrary to our expectations, sulpiride reduced the average number of clicks within the modified EEfRT and did not interact with reward attributes, suggesting a more global and not reward-specific effect of sulpiride. Furthermore, trait extraversion did not moderate the effect of sulpiride. Our results provide initial support for the validity of the modified version of the EEfRT, suggesting a possible inhibiting effect of a low dose of sulpiride on approach motivation regardless of trait extraversion. However, given the mixed pattern of findings and the possible confounding role of motoric abilities, further studies examining these effects are clearly warranted.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Dopamine D2 Receptor in the Maintenance of Wakefulness, But Not in Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep, in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 4382-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-M. Qu ◽  
X.-H. Xu ◽  
M.-M. Yan ◽  
Y.-Q. Wang ◽  
Y. Urade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Dopamine D2
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