scholarly journals Living in Living Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3_4) ◽  
pp. 401-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gershenson
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Dynamic Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Core Features

This article presents an overview of current and potential applications of living technology to some urban problems. Living technology can be described as technology that exhibits the core features of living systems. These features can be useful to solve dynamic problems. In particular, urban problems concerning mobility, logistics, telecommunications, governance, safety, sustainability, and society and culture are presented, and solutions involving living technology are reviewed. A methodology for developing living technology is mentioned, and supraoptimal public transportation systems are used as a case study to illustrate the benefits of urban living technology. Finally, the usefulness of describing cities as living systems is discussed.

scholarly journals “Unparking”: How can Smart Mobility Reduce Parking Demand in Our Cities to the Minimum? (Beirut Case Study)

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-185
Author(s):  
Adib Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Parking Demand ◽  
The City

Beirut is a car-dependent city, with 80% of Beirut citizens using their private cars to move across the city (the rate of car ownership is higher than regional and global benchmarks: 627 cars/1000 in Beirut, 550/1000 in Dubai and 170/1000 in Singapore). This reality causes two related impacts: an increased parking demand and decreased public transportation usage. Furthermore, in order to discuss these aspects, our study addresses the following question: How can the municipality’s interventions and mobility system reforms, such as smart public transportation systems and shareable mobility, reduce parking demand? As our methodology, it consists of three sections: (1) determine Beirut's parking problems by estimating parking demand and supply; (2) assess the potential effects of Beirut municipality policies in comparison to international experiences; and (3) evaluate the potential impacts of the smart public transportation system and shareable mobility in reducing parking demand. This paper studies parking growth in developing countries, such as Lebanon, and can help planners, decision-makers, and the Beirut municipality to make more informed decisions about parking policies, and to meet growing parking demand by introducing smart interventions that have high local potentials.

scholarly journals Conceptual Design Optimization of Autonomous Electric Buses in Public Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Aditya Pathak ◽  
Silvan Scheuermann ◽  
Aybike Ongel ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Improve Service Quality

Autonomous electric buses (AEB) have widely been envisioned in future public transportation systems due to their large potential to improve service quality while reducing operational costs. The requirements and specifications for AEBs, however, remain uncertain and strongly depend on the use case. To enable the identification of the optimal vehicle specifications, this paper presents a holistic design optimization framework that explores the impacts of implementing different AEB concepts in a given set of routes/network. To develop the design optimization framework, first, a multi-objective, multi-criteria objective function is formulated by identifying the attributes of bus journeys that represent overall value to the stakeholders. Simulation models are then developed and implemented to evaluate the overall performance of the vehicle concepts. A genetic algorithm is used to find the concepts with the optimal trade-off between the overall value to the stakeholders and the total cost of ownership. A case study is presented of a single bus line in Singapore. The results show an improvement in the waiting time with the use of a smaller sized AEB with a capacity of 20 passengers. However, the costs and emissions increase due to the requirement of a larger fleet and the increase in daily distance traveled compared to a 94-passenger capacity AEB.

scholarly journals Virus Transmission Risk in Urban Rail Systems: Microscopic Simulation-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Jiali Zhou ◽  
Haris N. Koutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The transmission risk of airborne diseases in public transportation systems is a concern. This paper proposes a modified Wells-Riley model for risk analysis in public transportation systems to capture the passenger flow characteristics, including spatial and temporal patterns, in the number of boarding and alighting passengers, and in number of infectors. The model is used to assess overall risk as a function of origin–destination flows, actual operations, and factors such as mask-wearing and ventilation. The model is integrated with a microscopic simulation model of subway operations (SimMETRO). Using actual data from a subway system, a case study explores the impact of different factors on transmission risk, including mask-wearing, ventilation rates, infectiousness levels of disease, and carrier rates. In general, mask-wearing and ventilation are effective under various demand levels, infectiousness levels, and carrier rates. Mask-wearing is more effective in mitigating risks. Impacts from operations and service frequency are also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reliable, frequent operations in lowering transmission risks. Risk spatial patterns are also explored, highlighting locations of higher risk.

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