Animal Protein and Rational Choice: Diet in the Eighteenth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bruegel ◽  
Jean-Michel Chevet ◽  
Sébastien Lecocq
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rational Choice Model ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Long Term Variations

Analysis of the account books of the convent school of Saint-Cyr between 1688 and 1788 reveals the causes of the institution's changing patterns of meat consumption. Although a rational-choice model can explain short-term variations in the school's diet, economic variables alone are not sufficient to explain its long-term variations, as evolving tastes began to infiltrate Saint-Cyr's traditional, aristocratic diet. The unintended side effect of this development was to improve nutrition, which the school managed to do without running afoul of claims to elite status.

A directed content analysis of viewpoints on the changing patterns of Lean Six Sigma research

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Rodgers ◽  
Jiju Antony ◽  
Zhen He ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cudney ◽  
Chad Laux
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper, builds on previous studies that explored the research patterns over 15 years, is to consider the current status of the integration of Lean and Six Sigma. More specifically, this research addresses whether Lean and Six Sigma are stronger together and explores the reasons why Lean researchers and practitioners may be less likely to integrate Six Sigma in their work. Design/methodology/approach The research utilises a survey of 25 established and respected academics and practitioners from 16 countries. The questionnaire is analysed using a direct content approach and coded in NVivo. Findings The findings suggest that challenges may lie in the perception and understanding of statistics as well as short-term rather than long-term focus on improvement. The findings also suggest that academics and practitioners believe that Lean Six Sigma has developed over time and will continue to develop and improve as a methodology rather than being replaced with a new methodology. Research limitations/implications The survey has a sample size of 25, albeit all respondents are established and very experienced practitioners and academics. Practical implications For organisations that are introducing or refreshing their continuous improvement initiatives, this research identifies some of the challenges and provides the opportunity to address them to maximise the opportunities for success and sustainability. Originality/value The value of this paper is that it further addresses the debate over the integration of Lean and Six Sigma for many organisations which still employ Lean alone, but beyond this it explores how they will continue to develop and whether they are a permanent edition to the quality management landscape or a transition to something else.

Regulating Crime: The Birth of the Idea, Its Nurture, and the Implications for Contemporary Criminology

2018 ◽  
Vol 679 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald V. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Rational Choice Model ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Management Changes

This volume’s contention that regulations have a powerful role in crime control contradicts the prevailing positivism of criminology—that is, the contention that criminality is largely explained by criminals’ past experiences. This article draws upon recent critiques of positivism and explains the implications for contemporary criminology. It begins by describing the ideas of a London magistrate, Patrick Colquhoun, about the determinants of crime and the best means of its control. Colquhoun’s writings were the first developed discussion of regulating crime, but they were soon eclipsed by positivist thinking. I list numerous weakness of positivism and argue that, instead of seeing offenders’ behavior as determined by their past, greater account should be taken of the situational inducements and opportunities to commit crime that they encounter in their everyday lives. Instead of positivism, the dominant model of criminology and crime control should be a neoclassicist, bounded rational choice model, which would introduce situational design and management changes to restrict offenders choices and modify behavior. That change in orientation would open limitless opportunities for criminologists.

Normative Judgment, Realism, and International Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-85
Author(s):  
Carmen E. Pavel
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Actor Model ◽  
Normative Judgment ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Rational Choice Model ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

A strand of thought within international relations realism claims that international law, understood as the dense network of multilateral and bilateral treaties, customary law, and institutions tasked with interpreting and applying them, cannot have meaningfully legal authority. This chapter traces the genealogy of the realist take on international law to a problematic use of the rational choice model for state behavior. Namely, realists derive skeptical positions about the authority and value of international law by using the rational choice model applied to states prescriptively rather than merely descriptively. With parsimonious assumptions about instrumental rationality, preferences, and choice situations, realists have put the model to good use to explain state action in the context of international politics. But they go much further, by taking the rational actor model to articulate an implicit moral ideal for states.

5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Waves ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This chapter focuses on the history of democratization since the late eighteenth century. It introduces the concepts of ‘waves’ (trends) and ‘conjunctures’ (briefer turmoils) and delineates the major developments in this respect. In this way, the major long-term and short-term factors leading to the emergence and breakdowns of democracies are also highlighted. The first long wave occurred during the period 1776–1914, followed by the first positive conjuncture in 1918–19, the second long wave (with some intermittent turbulences) in 1945–88, and the latest conjuncture in 1989–90. The chapter identifies the main ingredients to democratization throughout history, namely: republicanism, representation, and political equality. It concludes by considering some of the current perspectives and dangers for the future of democracy.

Radial Velocity Variability of K Giants

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 386-388
Author(s):  
Artie P. Hatzes ◽  
William D. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rotational Modulation ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Radial Velocity Data ◽  
Long Term Variations ◽  
K Giants

AbstractAt McDonald Observatory we have been monitoring the relative radial velocities of a sample of K giants. The technique employed uses the telluric O2 lines near 6300 Å as a reference for measuring the stellar line shifts. We demonstrate that precisions of 10 m s−1 are possible with this technique. We present radial velocity data covering a 2 year time span for α Boo, α Tau, and β Gem. All of these stars show both long term variations (~ several hundred days) with a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 400 m s−1 and short term variations (~ few days) with a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 100 m s−1. The long term variations may be due to the rotational modulation of surface active regions whereas the short term variations may be indicative of pulsations.

Curricular Choice: A Test of a Rational Choice Model of Education

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gabay-Egozi ◽  
Y. Shavit ◽  
M. Yaish
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Rational Choice Model ◽  
Curricular Choice
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document