Functional Plasticity in Ventral Temporal Cortex following Cognitive Rehabilitation of a Congenital Prosopagnosic

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. DeGutis ◽  
Shlomo Bentin ◽  
Lynn C. Robertson ◽  
Mark D'Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Congenital Prosopagnosia ◽  
The Right

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) to measure neural changes associated with training configural processing in congenital prosopagnosia, a condition in which face identification abilities are not properly developed in the absence of brain injury or visual problems. We designed a task that required discriminating faces by their spatial configuration and, after extensive training, prosopagnosic MZ significantly improved at face identification. Event-related potential results revealed that although the N170 was not selective for faces before training, its selectivity after training was normal. fMRI demonstrated increased functional connectivity between ventral occipital temporal face-selective regions (right occipital face area and right fusiform face area) that accompanied improvement in face recognition. Several other regions showed fMRI activity changes with training; the majority of these regions increased connectivity with face-selective regions. Together, the neural mechanisms associated with face recognition improvements involved strengthening early face-selective mechanisms and increased coordination between face-selective and nonselective regions, particularly in the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Human Genetics of Face Recognition: Discovery of MCTP2 Mutations in Humans with Face Blindness (Congenital Prosopagnosia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sun ◽  
Weiwei Men ◽  
Wan Fang ◽  
Enxing Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Congenital Prosopagnosia ◽  
The Right

Face recognition is important for both visual and social cognition. While congenital prosopagnosia (CP) or face blindness has been known for seven decades and electrophysiological studies have characterized face specific neurons for half a century, no molecular analyses have been undertaken. Here we report results after 14 years of research combining classic genetics and modern genomics involving over 7000 subjects. From a large family with 18 CP members, we uncovered a fully co-segregating private mutation in the MCTP2 gene which encodes a calcium binding transmembrane protein expressed in the central nervous system. More rare mutations in MCTP2 were detected in CP families screened from a cohort of 2904 college students and were also associated with CPs in a second cohort of 1928. In a third cohort of 1757, face recognition was different between 14 carriers with a frameshift mutation S80fs in MCTP2 and 19 non-carrying volunteers. 6 families including one with 10 members showed the S80fs-CP correlation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicates that impaired recognition of individual faces by CPs with the MCTP2 mutations is associated with inability to recognize the same faces in the right fusiform face area (rFFA). Our results have revealed the genetic predisposition of MCTP2 mutations in CP, 74 years after the initial report of CP. This is the first time a gene required for a higher form of visual social cognition was found in humans.

scholarly journals Evidence for Individual Face Discrimination in Non-Face Selective Areas of the Visual Cortex in Acquired Prosopagnosia

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Dricot ◽  
Bettina Sorger ◽  
Christine Schiltz ◽  
Rainer Goebel ◽  
Bruno Rossion
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Hemisphere Lesion ◽  
Occipital Face Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fmri Adaptation ◽  
Selective Impairment

Two areas in the human occipito-temporal cortex respond preferentially to faces: ‘the fusiform face area’ (‘FFA’) and the ‘occipital face area’ (‘OFA’). However, it is unclear whether these areas have an exclusive role in processing faces, or if sub-maximal responses in other visual areas such as the lateral occipital complex (LOC) are also involved. To clarify this issue, we tested a brain-damaged patient (PS) presenting a face-selective impairment with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The right hemisphere lesion of the prosoagnosic patient encompasses the ‘OFA’ but preserves the ‘FFA’ and LOC [14,16]. Using fMRI-adaptation, we found a larger response to different faces than repeated faces in the ventral part of the LOC both for normals and the patient, next to her right hemisphere lesion. This observation indicates that following prosopagnosia, areas that do not respond preferentially to faces such as the ventral part of the LOC (vLOC) may still be recruited to subtend residual perception of individual faces.

scholarly journals Localization of Syntactic and Semantic Brain Responses using Magnetoencephalography

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Service ◽  
Päivi Helenius ◽  
Sini Maury ◽  
Riitta Salmelin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
The Right

Electrophysiological methods have been used to study the temporal sequence of syntactic and semantic processing during sentence comprehension. Two responses associated with syntactic violations are the left anterior negativity (LAN) and the P600. A response to semantic violation is the N400. Although the sources of the N400 response have been identified in the left (and right) temporal lobe, the neural signatures of the LAN and P600 have not been revealed. The present study used magnetoencephalography to localize sources of syntactic and semantic activation in Finnish sentence reading. Participants were presented with sentences that ended in normally inf lected nouns, nouns in an unacceptable case, verbs instead of nouns, or nouns that were correctly inflected but made no sense in the context. Around 400 msec, semantically anomalous last words evoked strong activation in the left superior temporal lobe with significant activation also for word class errors (N400). Weaker activation was seen for the semantic errors in the right hemisphere. Later, 600-800 msec after word onset, the strongest activation was seen to word class and morphosyntactic errors (P600). Activation was significantly weaker to semantically anomalous and correct words. The P600 syntactic activation was localized to bilateral sources in the temporal lobe, posterior to the N400 sources. The results suggest that the same general region of the superior temporal cortex gives rise to both LAN and N400 with bilateral reactivity to semantic manipulation and a left hemisphere effect to syntactic manipulation. The bilateral P600 response was sensitive to syntactic but not semantic factors.

Neural Correlates of Mental State Decoding in Human Adults: An Event-related Potential Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sabbagh ◽  
Margaret C. Moulson ◽  
Kate L. Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
The Right

Successful negotiation of human social interactions rests on having a theory of mind—an understanding of how others' behaviors can be understood in terms of internal mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions. A core theory-of-mind skill is the ability to decode others' mental states on the basis of observable information, such as facial expressions. Although several recent studies have focused on the neural correlates of reasoning about mental states, no research has addressed the question of what neural systems underlie mental state decoding. We used dense-array eventrelated potentials (ERP) to show that decoding mental states from pictures of eyes is associated with an N270–400 component over inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions of the right hemisphere. Source estimation procedures suggest that orbitofrontal and medial temporal regions may underlie this ERP effect. These findings suggest that different components of everyday theory-of-mind skills may rely on dissociable neural mechanisms.

P300 Event-Related Potentials in Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Morgan ◽  
Jerry L. Cranford ◽  
Kenneth Burk
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

This study investigated possible differences between adult stutterers and nonstutterers in the P300 event-related potential. Responses to tonal stimuli were recorded from electrodes placed over the left (C3) and right (C4) hemispheres. The two groups exhibited different patterns of interhemispheric activity. Although all 8 participants in the fluent group exhibited P300s that were higher in amplitude over the right hemisphere, 5 of the 8 disfluent participants had higher amplitude activity over the left hemisphere. These results provide evidence that stutterers and nonstutterers may exhibit differences between hemispheres in the processing of some types of nonlinguistic (tonal) stimuli.

Representation of Action in Occipito-temporal Cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1765-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Wiggett ◽  
Paul E. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adaptation Effects

A fundamental question for social cognitive neuroscience is how and where in the brain the identities and actions of others are represented. Here we present a replication and extension of a study by Kable and Chatterjee [Kable, J. W., & Chatterjee, A. Specificity of action representations in the lateral occipito-temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1498–1517, 2006] examining the role of occipito-temporal cortex in these processes. We presented full-cue movies of actors performing whole-body actions and used fMRI to test for action- and identity-specific adaptation effects. We examined a series of functionally defined regions, including the extrastriate and fusiform body areas, the fusiform face area, the parahippocampal place area, the lateral occipital complex, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, and motion-selective area hMT+. These regions were analyzed with both standard univariate measures as well as multivoxel pattern analyses. Additionally, we performed whole-brain tests for significant adaptation effects. We found significant action-specific adaptation in many areas, but no evidence for identity-specific adaptation. We argue that this finding could be explained by differences in the familiarity of the stimuli presented: The actions shown were familiar but the actors performing the actions were unfamiliar. However, in contrast to previous findings, we found that the action adaptation effect could not be conclusively tied to specific functionally defined regions. Instead, our results suggest that the adaptation to previously seen actions across identities is a widespread effect, evident across lateral and ventral occipito-temporal cortex.

A Functional Neuroimaging Description of Two Deep Dyslexic Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Price ◽  
D. Howard ◽  
K. Patterson ◽  
E. A. Warburton ◽  
K. J. Friston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Deep Dyslexia ◽  
The Right

Deep dyslexia is a striking reading disorder that results from left-hemisphere brain damage and is characterized by semantic errors in reading single words aloud (e.g., reading spirit as whisky). Two types of explanation for this syndrome have been advanced. One is that deep dyslexia results from a residual left-hemisphere reading system that has lost the ability to pronounce a printed word without reference to meaning. The second is that deep dyslexia reflects right-hemisphere word processing. Although previous attempts to adjudicate between these hypotheses have been inconclusive, the controversy can now be addressed by mapping functional anatomy. In this study, we demonstrate that reading by two deep dyslexic patients (CJ and JG) involves normal or enhanced activity in spared left-hemisphere regions associated with naming (Broca's area and the left posterior inferior temporal cortex) and with the meanings of words (the left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and the left anterior temporal cortex). In the right-hemisphere homologues of these regions, there was inconsistent activation within the normal group and between the deep dyslexic patients. One (CJ) showed enhanced activity (relative to the normals) in the right anterior inferior temporal cortex, the other (JG) in the right Broca's area, and both in the right frontal operculum. Although these differential right-hemisphere activations may have influenced the reading behavior of the patients, their activation patterns primarily reflect semantic and phonological systems in spared regions of the left hemisphere. These results preclude an explanation of deep dyslexia in terms of purely right-hemisphere word processing.

scholarly journals Self-face recognition activates a frontoparietal “mirror” network in the right hemisphere: an event-related fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucina Q. Uddin ◽  
Jonas T. Kaplan ◽  
Istvan Molnar-Szakacs ◽  
Eran Zaidel ◽  
Marco Iacoboni
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Subtypes of Depressive Disorders

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
I. A. Lapin ◽  
T. A. Rogacheva ◽  
A. A. Mitrofanov
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Atypical Depression ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Gamma Coherence ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorders

Background: the clinical polymorphism of depressive disorders, together with the available data on the different responses of patients to treatment, motivate modern neuroscience to search for models that can explain such heterogeneity.Objective: to identify neurophysiological subtypes of depressive disorders.Patients and methods: 189 patients with moderate depression in the structure of a depressive episode (n = 42), recurrent depressive (n = 102) and bipolar affective disorders (n = 45); 56 healthy subjects. Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical research methods were used in the work.The results: with the help of coherent EEG analysis, it is possible to identify at least 6 subtypes of the disorder, which characterize various branches of the pathogenesis of affective pathology, which go beyond the currently accepted nomenclature. The selected subtypes were determined by the profi les of dysfunctional interaction of various cortical zones in the alpha, beta and gamma ranges of the EEG. Subtype 1 was characterized by a decrease relative to the norm of imaginary alpha-coherence between the right parietal and left central, right parietal and left anterior temporal, as well as the right parietal and right anterior temporal EEG leads (P4-C3, P4-F7, P4-F8) and explained part of depressions, in the pathogenesis of which the leading role was played by violations of the promotion of positive and suppression of negative affect. Subtype 2 — an increase in beta-2-imaginary-coherence between the frontal leads of the left and right hemispheres, between the left frontal and right central cortex (F3-F4; F3-C4) and its decrease between the central cortical zones (C4-C3), in clinical terms this subtype was characterized by a persistent hedonic response and was associated with the clinical picture of atypical depression. Subtype 3 — an increase in imaginary alpha-coherence between the frontal (F4-F3) and its decrease between the central leads of the left and right hemisphere (C4-C3), correlated with the severity of depressive rumination. Subtype 4 — a decrease in imaginary alpha-coherence between the anterior temporal and frontal, as well as the anterior temporal and central cortex of the right hemisphere (F8-F4 and F8-C4), explained part of the depressions that developed against the background of avoidance personality disorder. Subtype 5 — a decrease in imaginary gamma coherence between the frontal and parietal, as well as the central and occipital cortical zones of the left hemisphere (F3-P3 and C3-O1), was associated with an outwardly oriented utilitarian style of thinking (alexithymia). Subtype 6 — a decrease in imaginary beta-1 coherence between the left central and right anterior temporal cortex (C3-F8), explained part of the depression with phobic and hypochondriacal disorders in the structure of recurrent depressive disorder. Such a clinical and biological typology seems new and promising in terms of searching for specifi c neurophysiological disorders in different types of depression and, accordingly, reaching differentiated therapeutic recommendations.

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