scholarly journals A Structural Model for the Coevolution of Networks and Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Sheng Hsieh ◽  
Michael D. König ◽  
Xiaodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Positive Knowledge

This paper introduces a structural model for the coevolution of networks and behavior. We characterize the equilibrium of the underlying game and adopt the Bayesian Double Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to estimate the model. We further extend the model to incorporate unobserved heterogeneity and show that ignoring unobserved heterogeneity can lead to biased estimates in simulation experiments. We apply the model to study R&D investment and collaboration decisions in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and find a positive knowledge spillover effect. Our model also provides a tractable framework for a long-run key player analysis.

Does foreign direct investment spillover total factor productivity growth? A study of Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1937-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Arora ◽  
Preeti Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
Tfp Growth

Purpose Foreign firms have certain advantages which may spillover to domestic firms in the form of improvements in total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The purpose of this paper is to empirically observe the presence of TFP spillovers of foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms through analyzing source of TFP growth in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry over the period 1999 to 2014. The data of 304 firms has been used for estimation of the growth rates of TFP and its sources under stochastic frontier analyses based Malmquist productivity index framework. For frontier estimation, the Wang and Ho (2010) model has been executed using translog form of production function. Findings The results show that there exists significant TFP spillover effect from the presence of foreign equity in drugs and pharmaceutical industry of India. The results also show that the major source of TFP fluctuations in the said industry is managerial efficiency that has been significantly affected by FDI spillover variables. In sum, the phenomenon of significant Intra-industry (horizontal) efficiency led productivity spillovers of FDI found valid in case of Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Research limitations/implications The number of foreign firms is very less to imitate the significant impact of foreign investment on TFP growth of Indian pharmaceutical industry at aggregated level; and the Wang and Ho (2010) model is failing to capture direct impact of FDI on technological change under Malmquist framework. Practical implications Since, there exists dominance of domestic firms in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry, the planners should follow the policy which not only attract FDI but also benefit domestic firms; for example, developing modern infrastructure and institution which will further help domestic firms to absorb spillovers provided by the Multinational Corporations and also accelerate the growth and development of the economy. Social implications In no case, the foreign firms should dominate the market share otherwise the efficiency spillover effect will be negative and the domestic firms will be destroyed under the self-centric approach of foreign firms protected by the recent patent laws. Originality/value The study is a unique attempt to discuss the production structure and sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry with such a wide coverage of 304 firms over a period of 16 years under Wang and Ho (2010) model’s framework. The existing studies on TFP spillovers are using either a small sample size of firms or based upon traditional techniques of measuring spillover effects.

The Role of Body-Related Self-Conscious Emotions in Motivating Women’s Physical Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Kent C. Kowalski ◽  
Philip M. Wilson ◽  
Diane E. Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Intrinsic Regulation ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of this study was to test a model where body-related self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt, and pride were associated with physical activity regulations and behavior. Adult women (N = 389; M age = 29.82, SD = 15.20 years) completed a questionnaire assessing body-related pride, shame, and guilt, motivational regulations, and leisure-time physical activity. The hypothesized measurement and structural models were deemed adequate, as was a revised model examining shame-free guilt and guilt-free shame. In the revised structural model, body-related pride was positively significantly related to identified and intrinsic regulations. Body-related shame-free guilt was significantly associated with external, introjected, and identified regulations. Body-related guilt-free shame was significantly positively related to external and introjected regulation, and negatively associated with intrinsic regulation. Identified and intrinsic regulations were significantly positively related to physical activity (R2 = .62). These findings highlight the importance of targeting and understanding the realm of body-related self-conscious emotions and the associated links to regulations and physical activity behavior.

Fertility, mortality and income ‐ changes over the long run: Some simulation experiments

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Dyson ◽  
C.L.G. Bell ◽  
R. H. Cassen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals PAY SATISFACTION AND ORGANISATIONAL TRUST: AN IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE MAP ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. W. Gim ◽  
Wen-Sing Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Pay Satisfaction ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Performance Map ◽  
Map Analysis ◽  
Organisational Trust

Using social exchange theory and equity theory, this paper examined the relationship between the four dimensions of pay satisfaction and organisational trust among Malaysian employees. The four dimensions of pay satisfaction are pay benefit satisfaction, pay level satisfaction, pay raise satisfaction,and pay structure and administration satisfaction. Questionnaires were distributed to Malaysians working in several industries. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess both the measurement and structural model. Results from the structural model revealed that pay benefit satisfaction, pay raise satisfaction, and pay structure and administration satisfaction were positively related to organisational trust. To complement the standard structural model assessment, robustness checks were performed on the structural model in terms of non-linear effects, endogeneity, and unobserved heterogeneity. The checks concluded that there were no issues with regards to nonlinear effects and unobserved heterogeneity. However, the endogeneity test indicated that pay structure and administration satisfaction could be endogenous. Importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) was also performed to gauge the importance and performance of each dimension of pay satisfaction against organisational trust. The IPMA results revealed that pay structure and administration satisfaction was the most important factor yet it attained the lowest score on performance indicating that organisations in Malaysia should make an improvement to their pay structure and administration satisfaction.

scholarly journals The Nature of Risk Preferences: Evidence from Insurance Choices

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2499-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levon Barseghyan ◽  
Francesca Molinari ◽  
Ted O'Donoghue ◽  
Joshua C Teitelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Probability Weighting ◽  
Disappointment Aversion ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Small Probabilities

We use data on insurance deductible choices to estimate a structural model of risky choice that incorporates “standard” risk aversion (diminishing marginal utility for wealth) and probability distortions. We find that probability distortions—characterized by substantial overweighting of small probabilities and only mild insensitivity to probability changes—play an important role in explaining the aversion to risk manifested in deductible choices. This finding is robust to allowing for observed and unobserved heterogeneity in preferences. We demonstrate that neither Kőszegi-Rabin loss aversion alone nor Gul disappointment aversion alone can explain our estimated probability distortions, signifying a key role for probability weighting. (JEL D14, D81, G22)

Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Matthews ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Joseph F. Hair ◽  
Christian M. Ringle
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
European Business ◽  
Number Of Segments

Purpose Part I of this article (European Business Review, Volume 28, Issue 1) offered an overview of unobserved heterogeneity in the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), its prevalence and challenges for social sciences researchers. This paper aims to provide an example that explains how to identify and treat unobserved heterogeneity in PLS-SEM by using the finite mixture PLS (FIMIX-PLS) module in the SmartPLS 3 software (Part II). Design/methodology/approach This case study illustrates the application of FIMIX-PLS using a popular corporate reputation model. Findings The case study demonstrates the capability of FIMIX-PLS to identify whether unobserved heterogeneity significantly affects structural model relationships. Furthermore, it shows that FIMIX-PLS is particularly useful for determining the number of segments to extract from the data. Research limitations/implications Since the introduction of FIMIX-PLS, a range of alternative latent class techniques has appeared. These techniques address some of the limitations of the approach relating to, for example, its failure to handle heterogeneity in measurement models, or its distributional assumptions. This research discusses alternative latent class techniques and calls for the joint use of FIMIX-PLS and PLS prediction-oriented segmentation. Originality/value This article is the first to offer researchers, who have not been exposed to the method, an introduction to FIMIX-PLS. Based on a state-of-the-art review of the technique, the paper offers a step-by-step tutorial on how to use FIMIX-PLS by using the SmartPLS 3 software.

Sexsomnia in a patient with lichen planopilaris and pulsed corticosteroid prescription

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Panahi ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Reza Bidaki ◽  
Mohadeseh Asadi ◽  
Mohsen Zabihi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Lichen Planopilaris ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sleep Sex ◽  
And Behavior

Sleep sex or sexsomnia is a relatively new disease that is considered an unusual sexual experience and behavior. Many facts about sexsomnia, including its causes, symptoms, and exact prevalence, are still unknown. Given that the symptoms of the disease occur accidentally during the night, it is tough to study this disease in the long run. This study reported a case of a 30-year-old man with sexsomnia who had no recollection of the sexual behavior he exhibited while asleep. He had lichen planopilaris and was not receiving any psychiatric medication at the time of the study. However, he was under treatment with corticosteroids for six months, which eventually worsened his depression. This behavior attracted his wife's attention, and he was referred to a doctor due to infertility.

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