Be careful of splenic rupture caused by hit by a pitch during a baseball game: a case report

Background To the best of our knowledge, splenic rupture caused by hit by a pitch (HBP) has not been previously reported. We present a patient who underwent emergency laparotomy for splenic rupture after being HBP during a baseball game. Case presentation A 41-year-old male was HBP in the left abdomen during his first at-bat during a baseball game. During the operation, vascular injury of the splenic hilum and a deeply extending parenchymal injury were observed, and splenectomy was performed. Histologic findings were consistent with splenic rupture. Conclusions The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Although extremely rare, the possibility of intra-abdominal organ injury should be considered in batters who are hit in the abdomen by a pitched baseball, as illustrated by our patient.

The Effect of Animal Hunting and Rounders Games on Locomotor and Manipulative Motion Capabilities

Elementary school-age children are very active so they prefer to play. Before starting the learning activities, the teacher designs a learning model that is interspersed with games so that the child can receive the material well and is not easily bored during the learning process. In other words, the activities carried out by children are more directed to the activities of playing and moving. One game that is loved and often played by children is hunting animals and baseball. The purpose of this study is to analyze: (1) studying and analyzing the effect of the application of animal hunting game learning models on locomotor and manipulative motion abilities. (2) to study and analyze the effect of the application of baseball game learning models to increase locomotor and manipulative motion skills. (3) to find out, study and analyze the effect of learning based on game hunting animals and baseball to increase locomotor and manipulative mobility. This type of research used in this study is quantitative with a research design using a two-group pre-test post-test design, with data analysis using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results showed: (1) there was an effect of the application of animal hunting games to locomotor and manipulative mobility. (2) there is an effect of the application of baseball games on locomotor and manipulative motion abilities. (3) in an animal hunting game, the locomotor base motion has an increase of 2.17 and manipulative motion has an increase of 5.1. In a baseball game, the locomotor base motion has an increase of 1.5 and manipulative base motion has an increase of 3.77. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that there is an increase in locomotor and manipulative movement abilities for each group after being given a game. Also, there are differences in influence between the animal hunting group and the baseball group as seen from the increase in locomotor motion through independent sample t-test where the game of animal hunting gives a better effect than the game of baseball.

The "Malestrom" at Christie Pits: Jewish Masculinity and the Toronto Riot of 1933

The night of August 16, 1933 witnessed one of the most brutal riots in Canadian history. When Nazi sympathizers waved a swastika flag at a baseball game in Toronto’s Christie Pits park, Jewish players and spectators retaliated. For the next six hours, thousands of Jewish and gentile teenage boys attacked each other with unprecedented ferocity. As the issue of Jewish masculinity at Christie Pits has gone largely unexplored, two questions arise for the gender historian: to what extent did gender play a role in the actions of the Jewish rioters?; and how has gender shaped the way the riot is remembered in the Jewish community? This article argues that Jewish masculinity helped shape both the character and collective memory of the riot through the “macho-mensch” model, which highlighted the attributes of male physicality, ethics, and Jewish identity, and which excluded the role and commemoration of women.

Using a Markov decision process to model the value of the sacrifice bunt

We use a Markov decision process to model the value of the sacrifice bunt. Specifically, we consider a nine-inning baseball game with non-identical batters and compute the degree to which sacrificing increases the probability of winning the game. We populate our model using data covering the National League of Major League Baseball, and demonstrate the importance of using the probability of winning the game when analyzing the value of the sacrifice bunt. We show how and why the criterion of maximizing the probability of winning is superior to that of maximizing the expected number of runs scored or the probability of scoring at least one run in the half inning. Our model enables us to investigate situations that are not possible to investigate using earlier models, and find that the sacrifice bunt is more beneficial than previously thought. We also discuss the effect sizes of individual sacrifice bunts, and the effect of model simplifications on runner advancement or ignoring double plays.