The Words and Practices of the Prophet (Pbuh) in the Context of Business Ethics

In the global world, cultural interaction and global organizations lead to great activities in the field of business. However, this situation has brought with it negative situations such as unfair competition, discrimination, mobbing, bribery, nepotism and corruption in the job, employer and worker. Especially in the last fifty years, with the strengthening of socialism and the decline of liberalism, business ethics has become a matter of debate in the West. In this context, the European Business Ethics network was established, and many rights regarding work and workers were brought to the agenda in the United States. It is possible to see the aforementioned measures that the business world tried to implement only in the 20th century, in the words and practices of the Prophet towards social life. As a matter of fact, among the general moral principles that the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) presented to humanity, the principles related to business ethics are too many to be denied. The narrations about work and worker, which are also related to general moral principles, show that the Prophet Muhammad aimed to establish an inclusive system on this issue. According to this study; It aims to present the principles that today's business ethics defends within its own body, in terms of business, employer and employee, by examining it with the historical development process. It aims to reveal the existence of the business ethics principles presented on the western axis in the general words and practices of the Prophet.

‘The place for such business’: The business of war in the city of Genoa, 1701-1714

Scholars long have examined the early modern European business of war – the recruitment, supply, and payment of combatants by non-native contractors. With such attention on who conducted this commerce, however, scholars have ignored where the business of war took place. As Peter Wilson and Marianne Klerk recently have argued in this journal, war business was often conducted in politically autonomous cities. This article takes their findings further by showing how naval contractors and army victuallers conducted the business of war in substantially different spatial settings in one fiscal-military hub, Genoa, during one conflict, the War of Spanish Succession.

Management Accounting in European Affairs: A Memorandum Methodology for Formalize Audit Evidence

The research investigates the interplay of sustainable tourism, management accounting, monitoring, destination life cycles and stakeholder involvement. Management techniques are considered critical to the sustainable stewardship and competitiveness of tourism destinations in European business agricultural investments. The importance of tourism management and monitoring in destinations and organizations is particularly highlighted through an explanation of sustainable tourism indicator systems such as that created by the European Commission. Systems such as this will help position Europe as the leading sustainable tourism destination in the world both now and in the future. Consequently the sustainability of tourism is now much broader that just environmental considerations. It is commonly considered to be comprised of the three pillars: the environment, the economy and the community. Much of corporate finance takes a particular financial architecture as its reference: the equity company with listed shares and relatively easy access to financial markets. But there are other ways to organize and finance business activities. The forms of ownership, control and financing can vary widely worldwide. In this article we will describe some of these differences. Companies collect liquidity through financial markets, but also through public grants.

Reforming EU Company Law to Secure the Future of European Business

The world faces a complex convergence of social and ecological crises: climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, human rights violations, rising inequality and societal instability. The United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ‘the future of humanity and of our planet’, calling on business to contribute to solving these pressing challenges. Yet business in aggregate is a driver of the current convergence of crises and the discussion of how to promote sustainable business is therefore high up also on the agenda of the European Union (EU). The EU increasingly shows recognition of the need for regulatory initiatives to promote the integration of sustainability into European business, resonating with the EU’s high-level commitment to sustainability. This article is a contribution to the discourse on how to regulate European business so that it contributes to a sustainable future for all, including for European business itself. The article briefly outlines the basis in the EU treaties for reform of EU company law and the risks of continued unsustainability, moving on to the argument for including company law in the legislative toolbox, and outlining ideas for how such a reform could be shaped.

Making European Managers in Business Schools: A Longitudinal Case Study on Evolution, Processes, and Actors from the Late 1960s Onward

There have been calls in recent literature for researchers to open up the “black box” of business schools to explore their dynamics and behaviors in-depth for a context-sensitive understanding of their evolution. Drawing on the case of ESCP, a leading business school in France, this article shows how European business schools’ curricula have evolved since the late 1960s in response to a combination of powerful actors’ demands and the emergence of new processes in the educational domain. This article finds that while European business schools’ curricula reflect the influence of internal and external forces, they do not converge to a common type, because of the different markets and political and cultural contexts in which they operate. It also finds that business schools in Europe purposefully do not imitate those in United States.

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Business Demography and European Socio-Economic Model: Does the Paradigm Really Converge?

Although the European business environment induces important premises and assures conditions in determining economic growth and social well-being, the determinant and existent connections between the evolution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), business demography characteristics and the European socio-economic model have been scarcely studied in recent years. The dimensions of the European socio-economic model design a very specific framework in developing business demography and assuring a favorable environment for future SME development. The main aim of the manuscript is to investigate the evolution of the European SMEs sector and the perspective of business demography evolution to converge with exigencies of the European socio-economic model. In order to argue the research objective, eight specific and representative business demography variables were employed, from 12 European Union member states (EU-MS), during 2009–2017. Further, the SMEs’ performances, determined by changing the economic functional paradigm, were assessed. For proving this, an econometric model was designed considering labor productivity as an endogenous variable. Our preliminary analysis shows considerable differences in business demography indicators and SMEs development among all five socio-economic sub-models of the main European socio-economic model, proving a tight connection between European socio-economic models and SMEs’ performance and arguing the necessity of a paradigm convergence. Within some sub-models, there is clear evidence of clustering and convergence in terms of business demography and SMEs future development.

EU DIGITALIZATION STRATEGY BY 2030: USEFUL EXPERIENCE FOR RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE

The article discusses the experience of strategic planning for the digital transformation of the EU economy, including agriculture. The main directions of the digitalization strategy were studied, including the development of digital skills, the formation of digital infrastructure, and the digital transformation of busi-ness. The key components of the European business digitalization strategy are systematized. The role and relationship of the most important technologies has been substantiated. Recommendations for the digitaliza-tion of agriculture in Russia have been developed

Creating and Managing International Virtual Teams of Students in Management Education

This chapter provides an overview of how global virtual teams of undergraduates and graduates from three different countries are managed in order to achieve effective teaching-learning collaboration in the area of international business. The chapter uses evidence from a case study-based program used by a network of European business schools to discover and explore best practices when forming and leading collaborative student teams, working virtually and spatially. The study of this program suggests that there are particular challenges and opportunities in managing virtually international teams of students, which were amplified during COVID times in 2020. The study relates to the global virtual world of business education, where each tertiary institution is expected to embrace and manage the adapted and future design of programs and courses, where students necessarily had to deal with a wide variety of assignments whilst working virtually during times of national lockdowns.