scholarly journals Chapter of Gastroenterologists professional guidance for management of patients with liver disease in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
PE Chang ◽  
YJ Wong ◽  
WL Yang ◽  
KBL Lim ◽  
PS Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
European Association ◽  
American Association ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Professional Guidance

In this paper, we aim to provide professional guidance to clinicians who are managing patients with chronic liver disease during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. We reviewed and summarised the available relevant published data on liver disease in COVID-19 and the advisory statements that were issued by major professional bodies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and European Association for the Study of the Liver, contextualising the recommendations to our local situation.

scholarly journals Imaging Software-Based Sarcopenia Assessment in Gastroenterology: Evolution and Clinical Meaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Giovanni Marasco ◽  
Sinan Sadalla ◽  
Giulio Vara ◽  
Rita Golfieri ◽  
Davide Festi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Sarcopenia is gaining attention as a negative prognostic factor in different fields of medicine, including chronic liver failure. However, the assessment of sarcopenia in patients with liver diseases is often neglected due to unawareness of reliable tools and methods and thus is limited to research studies. Cross-sectional imaging is a diffuse diagnostic tool and is commonly performed in patients with chronic liver failure. The last advancements in radiology image analysis using dedicated software allow an easy and standardized method to assess skeletal muscle volume. Several measures can be obtained from cross-sectional imaging analysis to evaluate sarcopenia in patients affected by chronic liver disease. We aimed to review the recent advances in imaging-based sarcopenia assessment, in particular in patients with chronic liver diseases. As a result, we found that the skeletal muscle index (SMI) seems to be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. Even if further studies are needed to validate proper cut-offs for each clinical endpoint, physicians are invited to consider the assessment of sarcopenia in the work-up of patients with chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Genome-wide transcriptome analysis identifies novel gene signatures implicated in human chronic liver disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. G364-G374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana L. Smalling ◽  
Don A. Delker ◽  
Yuxia Zhang ◽  
Natalia Nieto ◽  
Michael S. Mcguiness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Gene Signatures

The molecular mechanisms behind human liver disease progression to cirrhosis remain elusive. Nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP/ Nr0b2) is a hepatic tumor suppressor and a critical regulator of liver function. SHP expression is diminished in human cirrhotic livers, suggesting a regulatory role in human liver diseases. The goal of this study was to identify novel SHP-regulated genes that are involved in the development and progression of chronic liver disease. To achieve this, we conducted the first comprehensive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of Shp−/− mice, compared the results with human hepatitis C cirrhosis RNA-seq and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microarray datasets, and verified novel results in human liver biospecimens. This approach revealed new gene signatures associated with chronic liver disease and regulated by SHP. Several genes were selected for validation of physiological relevance based on their marked upregulation, novelty with regard to liver function, and involvement in gene pathways related to liver disease. These genes include peptidoglycan recognition protein 2, dual specific phosphatase-4, tetraspanin 4, thrombospondin 1, and SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein-2, which were validated by qPCR analysis of 126 human liver specimens, including steatosis, fibrosis, and NASH, alcohol and hepatitis C cirrhosis, and in mouse models of liver inflammation and injury. This RNA-seq analysis identifies new genes that are regulated by the nuclear receptor SHP and implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of human chronic liver diseases. The results provide valuable transcriptome information for characterizing mechanisms of these diseases.

scholarly journals Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: A Growing Public Health Problem

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Sébastien Le Garf ◽  
Véronique Nègre ◽  
Rodolphe Anty ◽  
Philippe Gual
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and will likely become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the decades ahead. MAFLD covers a continuum of liver diseases from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Importantly, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in childhood, 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016, with persisting obesity complications into adulthood, is likely to be harmful by increasing the incidence of severe MAFLD at an earlier age. Currently, MAFLD is the leading form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents, with a global prevalence of 3 to 10%, pointing out that early diagnosis is therefore crucial. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, risk factors and potential pathogenic mechanisms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, of pediatric MAFLD.

ASSESMENT OF FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
М.D. Golubeva ◽  
◽  
К.V. Darafeyeva ◽  
D.E. Danilau ◽  
D.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire ◽  
Disease Questionnaire

To determine the most sensitive questionnaire for the detection of fatigue in patients with chronic liver diseases, 61 patients with chronic liver diseases were inpatient treatment at the City Infectious Diseases Clinical were interviewed. And 72 relatively healthy responses were interviewed using Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, the Short Form-36, the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020. The severity of fatigue and declining quality of life was correlated with the presence of chronic liver diseases, excess body weight, and female sex. The Short Form-36 questionnaire showed greater sensitivity for assessing fatigue in people with chronic liver diseases compared to the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. The Fatigue Assessment Scale didn't reveal reliable differences between the groups being compared.

scholarly journals LncRNAs Act as a Link between Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Young-Ah Kim ◽  
Kwan-Kyu Park ◽  
Sun-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important contributors to the biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of various human diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the involvement of these molecules in chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis, has only recently been considered in scientific research. While extensive studies on the pathogenesis of the development of HCC from hepatic fibrosis have been conducted, their regulatory molecular mechanisms are still only partially understood. The underlying mechanisms related to lncRNAs leading to HCC from chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis have not yet been entirely elucidated. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lncRNAs in chronic liver disease and HCC can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and may help in developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC, as well as in preventing the progression of chronic liver disease to HCC. Here, we comprehensively review and briefly summarize some lncRNAs that participate in both hepatic fibrosis and HCC.

scholarly journals POS1385 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 975.2-975
Author(s):  
N. Trad ◽  
G. Mohamed ◽  
B. Ben Slimen ◽  
K. Boughoula ◽  
S. Bizid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Systematic Screening

Background:Chronic liver diseases whatever their etiologies could be associated with immunological disturbances.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of autoimmune diseases associated with chronic liver diseases.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of data from consecutive patients followed in our department for chronic liver diseases recruited from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected.Results:A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 61.02 ±13.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1.6. The main etiology of chronic liver diseases was viral infection C (32.1%) followed by viral infection B (22.8%) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (21.4%). The prevalence of autoimmune chronic liver diseases was 7.58%: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in four cases, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in huit cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in three cases and overlap syndrome (AIH-PBC) in two cases. Autoimmune diseases were noted in 31 cases (13.9%): autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 15 cases, autoimmune thyroiditis in 12 cases, one case of psoriasis, one case of CREST syndrome, one case of Sjögren’s syndrome and one case of autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmune pathologies were more associated with autoimmune chronic liver disease than other causes of chronic liver disease (47% vs 11.1%, p <0.001). Autoimmune pathologies were not statistically associated with female gender (p = 0.085) or young age (p = 0.483).Conclusion:In our study, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases during chronic liver diseases was 13.9%. This prevalence was higher in the case of autoimmune chronic liver diseases (47%), which would underline the importance of systematic screening for clinical and biological immune manifestations in those patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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