Indian manuscripts without autograph? A computer analysis

AbstractThe computer count establishes that, in the case of Nāmdev's poems, there is no consistent relation between two manuscripts of the same ‘recension’. We noticed also that, when looking at variants from different angles, no consistent relation even between manuscripts is seen throughout. This suggests a very nebulous interaction between singing traditions and the fact that we should not look for a ‘critical line’ of Nāmdev or try to prepare an edition of the original version of Nāmdev's poetry. This hypothesis is a challenge to existing ‘critical editions’ of Early Hindi Poetry, in which generally the ‘original’ version is reconstructed after constructing a stemma based on (scribal) variants. If there is no stemma and no justified ‘critical’ line, then what do we have? We have the conviction that, possibly for centuries, a Nāmdev enthusiasm was enchanting people in Rajasthan and Punjab (North-West India), linked vaguely to Nāmdev's hymns of the 14th century.

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ХОДОЧАСНИК ИЗ ИРСКЕ НА ИСТОЧНОЈ ОБАЛИ ЈАДРАНА ПОЧЕТКОМ XIV ВЕКА A PILGRIM FROM IRELAND ON THE EASTERN ADRIATIC COAST IN THE EARLY 14TH CENTURY

Историјски часопис ◽

10.34298/ic2069061u ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-80

Author(s):

Александар Узелац

Keyword(s):

Holy Land ◽

14Th Century ◽

Critical Editions ◽

Adriatic Coast

Рад се бави списом францисканца Симона Фицсимонсa који је у пратњи свог сабрата Хуга Илуминатора предузео 1323. године ходочашће у Свету земљу. У свом извештају Симон је дужну пажњу посветио градовима и земљама на источној обали Јадрана које је пропутовао. Упркос томе што овај извор није непознат у српској историографији, чини се да је до сада остао на маргинама истраживања. Стога су у овом раду представљени једини сачувани рукопис овог извора, његова критичка издања, дат је осврт на личност аутора и садржај списа. Као прилог, донет је превод одломака из овог списа везан за Симоново и Хугово путовање од Венеције до Драча у другој половини августа 1323. године, пропраћен критичким коментарима. The article deals with the report of Franciscan Simon Fitzsimmons who, accompanied by friar Hugh Illuminator, undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1323. In his report, Simon dedicated due attention to the cities and lands on the eastern Adriatic coast that he went through. Although this source is not unknown in Serbian historiography, it seems to have remained on the margins of research. The paper presents the only preserved manuscript of this source, its critical editions, and sheds light on the personality of the author and contents of the manuscript. A part of the text, dealing with Simon’s and Hugh’s voyage from Venice to Durazzo in the second half of August 1323, is given in Serbian translation, with critical commentaries.

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Notes on the 14th-century Ya'qubiyya Complex in Tlemcen, Algeria

Periodica Polytechnica Architecture ◽

10.3311/ppar.12713 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 126-134

Author(s):

Péter T. Nagy

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Basic Concept ◽

Historical Sources ◽

14Th Century ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

Region I ◽

The 19Th Century

This paper discusses the Islamic funerary complex in central Tlemcen, Algeria, built in 1362–1363, recorded in historical sources as "the Ya'qubiyya", and today known by the name of Sidi Ibrahim al-Masmudi. During the late middle ages, the north-west corner of Africa was shared between two related Berber dynasties, the Marinids of Fez (Morocco) and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, who were in constant conflict with one another. The Ya'qubiyya complex was erected by the Zayyanid sultan Abu Hammu Musa II (r. 1359–1389) to commemorate his father and two of his uncles, who were praised in coeval sources as heroes of the war against the Marinids. In this article, I shall describe how the Ya'qubiyya was discovered in the 19th century, study the relevant sources in Arabic, discuss the extant buildings indicating their original parts, and touch upon the complex’s relations with other sites in the region. I shall conclude that, although the Ya'qubiyya commemorated members of the Zayyanid family who had fought successfully against the Marinids, its basic concept was adopted from the earlier shrine of the Marinid dynasty at Shalla (Rabat-Salé, Morocco).

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Baltic and Balto-Finnish objects at urban properties of the Lyudin Konets of mediaeval Novgorod (after the materials from the Troitsky excavation)

Archaeological News ◽

10.31600/1817-6976-2021-31-113-127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 113-127

Author(s):

L. Pokrovskaya ◽

Keyword(s):

Stable Group ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Topographic Analysis ◽

14Th Century ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

North Western ◽

Eastern Baltic

Finds of objects of Baltic and West-Finnish provenience constitute a small but stable group at the Troitsky excavation and are encountered in layers of the late 10th — first half of the 14th century. Chronological and topographic analysis of this group of objects allowed the researchers to establish the connections of the owners of the urban properties investigated at the Troitsky excavation, with the Eastern Baltic region, North-Western Ladoga and the North-West of the Novgorod Land.

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The blind man of Taxila: a folktale of Tirh

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00136305 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 139-143

Author(s):

John Charles Edward Bowen

Keyword(s):

Original Version ◽

North West ◽

Hill Country ◽

The North ◽

North West Frontier Province ◽

The Hill

Early in 1944, while I was holding charge of the Mansehra Subdivision of Hazara District in the North-West Frontier Province (then part of India), the following tale was told to me briefly by my friend Muḥammad Ẓarf Khn, a member of the leading family of Kuki Khel Afridis of Tirh, who was at that time serving as Political Tahsildar at Oghi. Tirh is, of course, the celebrated tribal tract lying west of Peshawar in present-day Pakistan. I wrote the tale down exactly as Muhammad Zanf told it to me. To enable the story to be more easily understood, I have slightly expanded the narrative, but I have not added any element which was not in the original version. I see no reason to doubt that the story is, as its narrator claimed, one of the traditional tales which are told round the hearth in the hill-country of Tirah to which he belongs.

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Quantitative analyses of the 13th/14th century land holding systems of north-west Wales

Agro-Ecosystems ◽

10.1016/0304-3746(79)90001-5 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 191-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.Elfyn Hughes ◽

Jane Lutman ◽

J. Dale ◽

A.G. Thomson

Keyword(s):

14Th Century ◽

North West ◽

Quantitative Analyses

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Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099842 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 20-21

Author(s):

S. Shirahama ◽

G. C. Engle ◽

R. M. Dutcher

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

North West ◽

X Irradiation ◽

Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

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Computer analysis of side-band holography in STEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087732 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 684-685

Author(s):

M.A. Gribelyuk ◽

J.M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Interference Pattern ◽

Computer Analysis ◽

Side Band ◽

Diffraction Plane ◽

Illumination System ◽

Probe Size

Recently the use of a biprism in a STEM instrument has been suggested for recording of a hologram. A biprism is inserted in the illumination system and creates two coherent focussed beams at the specimen level with a probe size d= 5-10Å. If one beam passes through an object and another one passes in vacuum, an interference pattern, i.e. a hologram can be observed in diffraction plane (Fig.1).

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SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157838 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

Daryl A. Cornish ◽

George L. Smit

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Limited Information ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Sem And Tem ◽

Sperm Development ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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