Effect of the Mi gene on reproduction of Meloidogyne hispanica on tomato genotypes

AbstractThe root-knot nematode resistance (Mi) gene was screened in 25 tomato genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum, by amplification of REX-1 and Mi23 markers. Ten heterozygous tomato genotypes (Mimi), nine homozygous (MiMi) at the Mi locus and six lacking the Mi gene for resistance to root-knot nematode were identified using the marker REX-1. The results obtained with Mi23 marker confirmed the Mi gene status of the tomato genotypes, except for genotype Valouro RZ F1 that was homozygous (MiMi) and heterozygous (Mimi) at the Mi locus when using the REX-1 and Mi23 markers, respectively. The pathogenicity of Meloidogyne hispanica on the 25 tomato genotypes was assessed 60 days after inoculation with 5000 eggs on the basis of root gall index (GI) and reproduction factor (Rf). All the tomato genotypes were susceptible (excellent or good hosts), with GI > 4 and Rf > 2, except the genotype Rapit (Mimi), considered as resistant/hypersensitive (poor host). In this genotype, the nematode induced galls (GI = 4) on its roots and a small number of eggs were produced (Pf = 3085 ± 485). Significant differences in reproduction were detected between the Mi allelic conditions and genotypes within Mi allelic conditions. The increasing number of Mi alleles (0, 1 or 2) is associated with decreasing Rf, which suggests a possible dosage effect of the Mi gene. The variability observed in the Rf values for MiMi tomato genotypes may reflect an influence of the genetic background of the plants containing the Mi gene. Ten of the 25 tomato genotypes with Mi gene are commercially available. However, only Rapit can be used to control the three most common Meloidogyne spp. and inhibit the increasing of M. hispanica populations, and may have potential to be included in an integrated pest management programme. However, it is advisable to evaluate the pathogenicity of local populations of this nematode species associated with different environmental factors.

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Evaluation of Sweetpotato Cultivars to Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.4.569e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 569E-569d

Author(s):

J.C. Cervantes ◽

D.L. Davis ◽

G.C. Yencho

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Resistance Reaction ◽

Gall Index ◽

Race 2

This study was conducted to determine whether the type of pot used for the evaluation affected the resistance response of the sweetpotato plants, and to assess the resistance response to different root-knot nematode species. Five sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars, `Beauregard', `Exce'l, `Jewel', `Hernandez', and `Porto Rico', were screened for M. incognita (race 3), Meloidogyne arenaria (race 2), and M. javanica, in both 10-cm-side, square pots and 4-cm-diameter, cone pots. Gall index, necrosis index, and number of nematode eggs per gram of root were used to estimate nematode-resistance reaction. Mean of all indices between the 2 pot types were not significantly different (α = 0.05). Gall and necrosis indices were not correlated in any of the cultivars. Resistance response depended on cultivars and nematode species for all variables analyzed. `Beauregard' was the most susceptible to Meloidogyne. `Hernandez' and `Excel' were found to be the most resistant cultivars to the Meloidogyne species.

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Assessment of the most suitable nematode inoculum density and plant growth period to screen coffee genotypes for their reaction to Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 373-380

Author(s):

Santino A. Silva ◽

Anderson C.G. Bicalho ◽

Débora C. Santiago ◽

Lucas S. Cunha ◽

Andressa C.Z. Machado

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Genetic Screening ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Growth Period ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Population Densities ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Rf Values ◽

Reproduction Factor ◽

The Ideal

Summary One of the concerns for nematological research is the absence of information on standard nematode population densities to be used when screening to assess resistance/susceptibility levels of a genotype. In addition, the length of the growth period, especially for perennial crops such as coffee, must also be known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal evaluation periods and population densities of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, for phenotyping Coffea arabica genotypes. Seedlings of coffee ‘Mundo Novo’ with five leaf pairs cropped in 700 cm3 plastic pots were inoculated with population densities of 700, 1400, 2800, 5600 and 11 200 eggs of M. incognita per plant and evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after inoculation (DAI) to determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The use of population densities of M. incognita from 700-2000 nematodes with evaluations between 90 and 180 DAI was the most suitable to obtain higher RF values and allows earlier and more accurate evaluations, which reduces the time for phenotyping in genetic screening programmes.

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Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Hellenic Plant Protection Journal ◽

10.2478/hppj-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Ansari ◽

H. Charehgani ◽

R. Ghaderi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plantago Lanceolata ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Matricaria Chamomilla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Rumex Acetosella ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Gall Index ◽

Reproduction Factor

Summary A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to M. javanica was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (Physalis alkekengi L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), garden anchusa (Anchusa italica Retz.), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), thistle (Echinops adenocaulos Boiss.) and woundwort (Stachys pilifera Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.

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Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854199508270 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Alan Walters ◽

Todd C. Wehner ◽

Kenneth R. Barker

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Multiple Root ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Race 2

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

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Oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars for the management of Meloidogyne enterolobii

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 169-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andressa Lima de Brida ◽

Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e Castro ◽

José Cola Zanuncio ◽

José Eduardo Serrão ◽

Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽

Reproduction Factor

Meloidogyne enterolobii, reported in different regions of Brazil, is a polyphagous nematode parasitising plants resistant to other root-knot nematode species. This study evaluated the resistance of six cultivars of Avena sativa, seven cultivars of Triticum aestivum and 13 hybrids of Sorghum bicolor to M. enterolobii. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse. The soil was autoclaved and infested with 5000 eggs of M. enterolobii. The tomato ‘Rutgers’ was used as the susceptible standard to this nematode. The indices of galls, egg masses, and reproduction factor of M. enterolobii were evaluated 60 days after inoculation. This nematode did not reproduce in any of the genotypes considered resistant. The oat, wheat and sorghum cultivars studied may be recommended for crop rotation in areas infested with M. enterolobii.

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Resistance in Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Three Root-Knot Nematode Species

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-4-0631 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 631-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. B. Dong ◽

C. C. Holbrook ◽

P. Timper ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

Y. Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durable Resistance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Race 1 ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Peanut Cultivars

Three major species of root-knot nematode infect peanut: Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, M. hapla, and M. javanica race 3. Sources of resistance to all three nematodes are needed for developing novel peanut cultivars with broad resistance to Meloidogyne spp. Cultivars and breeding lines of peanut were evaluated for resistance to M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. javanica in the greenhouse and in the laboratory. Twenty-six genotypes with some resistance to M. arenaria, M. javanica, or M. hapla were identified from 60 accessions based on average eggs per gram of root and gall index relative to a susceptible control. Among these, 14 genotypes were moderately to highly resistant to all three species, 5 genotypes were resistant to M. arenaria and M. javanica, 2 genotypes were resistant to M. javanica and M. hapla, 1 genotype was resistant M. arenaria alone, and 4 genotypes were resistant to M. hapla alone. Reproduction of M. arenaria on lines NR 0817, C724-19-11, and D108 was highly variable, indicating that these genotypes likely were heterogeneous for resistance. COAN, NemaTAM, C724-25-8, and the M. arenaria-resistant plants of C724-19-11 contained the dominant sequence-characterized amplified region marker (197/909) for nematode resistance. Results with the molecular markers indicate that the high resistance to M. arenaria in GP-NC WS 6 may be different from the resistance in COAN, NemaTAM, and C724-25-8. Resistance to M. arenaria was correlated with resistance to M. javanica in peanut, whereas resistance to M. hapla was not correlated with the resistance to either M. arenaria or M. javanica. The resistant selections should be valuable sources for pyramiding resistance genes to develop new cultivars with broad and durable resistance to Meloidogyne spp.

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Epidemics of Meloidogyne brasilensis in Central Brazil on Processing Tomato Hybrids That Have the Root-Knot Nematode Mi Resistance Gene

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-6-0781b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 781-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. M. Charchar ◽

M. E. N. Fonseca ◽

J. B. Pinheiro ◽

L. S. Boiteux ◽

J. D. Eisenback

Keyword(s):

Federal District ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Male Body ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Mi Gene

The species Meloidogyne brasilensis Charchar & Eisenback 2002 was described as causing root rot, severe wilt, and numerous galls in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Brasília-Federal District and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Rossol (known to have the root-knot nematode resistance Mi gene) in Londrina-Paraná State, Brazil. To our knowledge, this current work is the first report of the epidemics on tomato hybrids that have the Mi gene caused by infection of M. brasilensis in central Brazil. Samples were obtained from fields with two commercial hybrids that have the Mi gene (‘Calroma’ and ‘Nemapride’) that were cultivated under center-pivot irrigation in Silvânia, Goiás State. These hybrids exhibited slow vegetative development and malformed roots because of the high number of large galls. Symptomatic plants were collected from a tomato crop area of more than 100 ha. Random sampling indicated field sectors with up to 100% of symptomatic plants. Morphological and morphometric evaluations of this Meloidogyne population were carried out with the female perineal pattern, stylet, and excretory pore and also with the male body traits, labial disc, and stylet. The esterase phenotype was unique for this population with four clear bands (J. M. Charchar, unpublished data). Altogether, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of this population were in agreement with that reported for M. brasilensis (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled using tomato ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Rossol' (with the Mi resistance locus) under greenhouse conditions. The massive use of tomato hybrids with the Mi gene could be a strong selection factor favoring this pathogen under growing conditions in central Brazil. Germplasm screen searching for sources of resistance specific to this nematode species is advisable. Reference: (1) J. M. Charchar and J. D. Eisenback. Nematology 4:629, 2002.

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Tagetes minuta Propagation and Interaction With Nematoide

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n1p139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Camila T. Stroze ◽

Fernando C. Baida ◽

Maria I. Balbi-Peña ◽

Cláudia R. Dias-Arieira ◽

Débora C. Santiago

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Root Anatomy ◽

Plant Parasite ◽

Tagetes Minuta ◽

Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽

Rf Values ◽

Nematode Penetration ◽

Reproduction Factor

Tagetes minuta is a plant presenting pest and disease control potential, although its activity on some plant parasite nematode species is poorly investigated. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the best T. minuta propagation way, as well as the plant reaction to nematodes such as Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus brachyurus, through nematode penetration and reproduction studies and root morphological assessments. Seedlings obtained from woody cuttings showed larger rooting and stem diameter. Heterodera glycines penetration was higher than that recorded for M. incognita. However, both species recorded reproduction factor (RF) lower than one, as well as maximum RF values 0.34 and 0.02 for H. glycines and M. incognita, respectively. The highest FR recorded for T. minuta were found in P. brachyurus (0.96 and 0.80) in the 60th and 80th day after inoculation (DAI). Root anatomy changes were observed in the 80th DAI in plants inoculated with P. brachyurus. Tagetes minuta was resistant to all nematodes; however, it did not prevent P. brachyurus activity in its roots.

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