Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

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Evaluation of Sweetpotato Cultivars to Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.4.569e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 569E-569d

Author(s):

J.C. Cervantes ◽

D.L. Davis ◽

G.C. Yencho

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Resistance Reaction ◽

Gall Index ◽

Race 2

This study was conducted to determine whether the type of pot used for the evaluation affected the resistance response of the sweetpotato plants, and to assess the resistance response to different root-knot nematode species. Five sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars, `Beauregard', `Exce'l, `Jewel', `Hernandez', and `Porto Rico', were screened for M. incognita (race 3), Meloidogyne arenaria (race 2), and M. javanica, in both 10-cm-side, square pots and 4-cm-diameter, cone pots. Gall index, necrosis index, and number of nematode eggs per gram of root were used to estimate nematode-resistance reaction. Mean of all indices between the 2 pot types were not significantly different (α = 0.05). Gall and necrosis indices were not correlated in any of the cultivars. Resistance response depended on cultivars and nematode species for all variables analyzed. `Beauregard' was the most susceptible to Meloidogyne. `Hernandez' and `Excel' were found to be the most resistant cultivars to the Meloidogyne species.

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Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumber and Horned Cucumber

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.2.151 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. Alan Walters ◽

Todd C. Wehner ◽

Kenneth R. Barkel

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Race 2 ◽

Moderately Resistant

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and horned cucumber (C. metuliferus Naud.) germplasm were evaluated for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). All 24 C. metuliferus cultigens evaluated were resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2, and M. hapla Chitwood. All 884 C. sativus cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) tested were resistant to M. hapla and few to M. incognita race 3. Only 50 of 884 C. sativus cultigens evaluated were somewhat resistant to M. arenaria race 2 and M. incognita race 3. A retest of the most resistant C. sativus cultigens revealed that LJ 90430 [an accession of C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and `Mincu' were the only cultigens that were moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 2. LJ 90430 was the only cultigen, besides the two retested C. metuliferus cultigens, that was resistant to M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. All C. sativus cultigens retested, including LJ 90430, were highly susceptible to M. incognita races 1 and 3. The two C. metuliferus cultigens retested were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. arenaria race 2, M. incognita races 1 and 3, and M. javanica.

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Characterization of Resistance Conferred by the N gene to Meloidogyne arenaria Races 1 and 2, M. hapla, and M. javanica in Two Sets of Isogenic Lines of Capsicum annuum L.

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.125.1.71 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Judy A. Thies ◽

Richard L. Fery

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

N Gene ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2

Two isogenic sets of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines (differing at the N root-knot nematode resistance locus) were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, M. hapla Chitwood, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood in greenhouse and growth chamber tests. The isogenic sets of C. annuum were `Charleston Belle' (NN) and `Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn-recurrent parent), and `Carolina Wonder' (NN) and `Yolo Wonder B' (nn-recurrent parent). Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 is pathogenic to C. annuum. `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1. Their respective recurrent backcross parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. arenaria. Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and M. javanica are not highly pathogenic to pepper. However, `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' both exhibited higher (P≤0.05) resistance to M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica than `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B'. Meloidogyne hapla is pathogenic to pepper. Both `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' and their respective recurrent parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. hapla. We concluded that the N gene confers resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica in C. annuum, but the N gene does not condition resistance to M. hapla.

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RESISTANCE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS VAR. CITROIDES) GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.520a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 520A-520

Author(s):

J. A. Thies ◽

A. Levi

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2 ◽

Moderate Resistance

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica) cause severe damage to watermelon and resistance has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. In greenhouse tests, we evaluated 265 U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for nematode resistance (based on root galling and nematode reproduction), and identified 22 PIs of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 1. In subsequent tests, these 22 PIs exhibited low to moderate resistance to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. Three watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (Charleston Gray, Crimson Sweet, and Dixie Lee), three C. colocynthis PIs, and four C. lanatus var. citroides PIs, all previously shown to be susceptible to M. arenaria race 1, were susceptible to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. The C. lanatus var. citroides PIs that are most resistant to both M. incognita and M. arenaria should be useful sources of resistance for developing root-knot nematode resistant watermelon cultivars.

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Reactions of lines of Phaseolus atropurpureus to four species of root-knot nematode

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9720623 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

EM Hutton ◽

WT Williams ◽

LB Beall

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Differential Resistance ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Increased Susceptibility

In each of two years the reactions of 36 lines of Phaseolus atropurpureus to the four root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica were studied. Seven of the experimental lines were common to the two years. Two known susceptible species, Phaseolus lathyroides and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato cv. Grosse Lisse), were used as controls. Four macroscopic and four microscopic reactions were recorded on each occasion, and the results analysed. Resistance to the four nematodes was present in all lines of P. atropurpureus. There was also evidence of differential resistance between lines; some showed increased resistance to all nematodes except M. hapla, and others showed both increased susceptibility to M. hapla and increased resistance to M. javanica. The severity of attack on thc controls was significantly less in the second ycar. Several explanations for this are advanced.

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Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-0158 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

A. Pegard ◽

G. Brizzard ◽

A. Fazari ◽

O. Soucaze ◽

P. Abad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

High Performance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Susceptible Cultivar ◽

Resistant Line ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Chromatography Analysis

In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.

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Field performance of tomato varieties resistant to root-knot nematodes

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9820357 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (117) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GR Stirling ◽

MF Wachtel

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

South Australia ◽

Field Performance ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Tomato Variety ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Susceptible Tomato

The performance of 15 potentially useful nematode-resistant tomato varieties (Ace Hy, Better Boy, Bigset, Bonus, Calmart, Magnifico, Monte Carlo, Patriot, Red Supreme, Rich Reward, Surprise, Terrific, VFN Bush, VFN 8 and Vine Ripe) was assessed in field trials at Loveday and Loxton, South Australia. All varieties showed some nematode resistance when grown in sites heavily infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and most produced yields which were not significantly less than the commonly used susceptible varieties (Burnley Gem, Floradade, Grosse Lisse and Q3) grown in soil treated with nematicides. However, the nematode-resistant varieties were of limited value commercially because the fruit was either susceptible to cracking or too soft to be transported long distances. In glasshouse tests, biotypes of root-knot nematode capable of attacking resistant varieties were not observed. All resistant varieties exhibited resistance against populations of M. javanica from grape, peach, sweet corn, tomato (variety Floradade), tomato (variety VFN Bush), and against field populations of Meloidogyne from both resistant and susceptible tomato varieties. These results suggest that agronomically acceptable nematode-resistant varieties would be useful in management programs to control root-knot nematodes in the Murray Valley.

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Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.1.120 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 120-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Martin Schochow ◽

Steven A. Tjosvold ◽

Antoon T. Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Flower Production ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.3.868e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 868e-869

Author(s):

J.A. Thies

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2 ◽

The U.S ◽

Greenhouse Tests

Thirteen sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in greenhouse tests. The following sweetpotato genotypes representing a range of reactions to M. incognita were evaluated: U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 (highly resistant = HR), Sumor (HR), Nemagold (HR), Excel (HR), Tinian (HR), Hernandez (resistant = R), Jewel (R), Regal (R), Porto Rico (intermediate = I), Centennial (susceptible = S), Georgia Jet (S), Sulfur (S), and Beauregard (S). Meloidogyne incognita was most pathogenic to sweetpotato of the four Meloidogyne spp. evaluated in these studies. The U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 and Sumor were resistant to M. incognita in all tests. Only two genotypes, Beauregard and Porto Rico, were susceptible to M. javanica. All genotypes evaluated were resistant to M. hapla, M. arenaria race 1, and M. arenaria race 2. Sumor, U.S. PI 399163, and Nemagold appear to provide the highest levels of resistance against the four Meloidogyne spp. used in these studies. Since M. incognita is the most commonly occurring root-knot nematode species in sweetpotato growing areas of the southern U.S. and is pathogenic to most of the commonly grown sweetpotato cultivars, efforts to develop resistant cultivars that have desirable horticultural characteristics for the U.S. market should be directed toward this root-knot nematode species.

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