scholarly journals Resistance in Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Three Root-Knot Nematode Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Dong ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
P. Timper ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
Y. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Three major species of root-knot nematode infect peanut: Meloidogyne arenaria race 1, M. hapla, and M. javanica race 3. Sources of resistance to all three nematodes are needed for developing novel peanut cultivars with broad resistance to Meloidogyne spp. Cultivars and breeding lines of peanut were evaluated for resistance to M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. javanica in the greenhouse and in the laboratory. Twenty-six genotypes with some resistance to M. arenaria, M. javanica, or M. hapla were identified from 60 accessions based on average eggs per gram of root and gall index relative to a susceptible control. Among these, 14 genotypes were moderately to highly resistant to all three species, 5 genotypes were resistant to M. arenaria and M. javanica, 2 genotypes were resistant to M. javanica and M. hapla, 1 genotype was resistant M. arenaria alone, and 4 genotypes were resistant to M. hapla alone. Reproduction of M. arenaria on lines NR 0817, C724-19-11, and D108 was highly variable, indicating that these genotypes likely were heterogeneous for resistance. COAN, NemaTAM, C724-25-8, and the M. arenaria-resistant plants of C724-19-11 contained the dominant sequence-characterized amplified region marker (197/909) for nematode resistance. Results with the molecular markers indicate that the high resistance to M. arenaria in GP-NC WS 6 may be different from the resistance in COAN, NemaTAM, and C724-25-8. Resistance to M. arenaria was correlated with resistance to M. javanica in peanut, whereas resistance to M. hapla was not correlated with the resistance to either M. arenaria or M. javanica. The resistant selections should be valuable sources for pyramiding resistance genes to develop new cultivars with broad and durable resistance to Meloidogyne spp.

scholarly journals Genetic Resistance of Lactuca spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Race 1

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jesse J. Murray ◽  
Gulnoz Hisamutdinova ◽  
Germán V. Sandoya ◽  
Richard N. Raid ◽  
Stephanie Slinski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium wilt of lettuce is caused by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (Fol) and is a growing threat to global lettuce production. Fol was first detected in Florida in 2017 and was subsequently confirmed as race 1. Management strategies for this long-persisting soil pathogen are limited, time-consuming and expensive, and they may lack efficacy. Identifying diverse sources of genetic resistance is imperative for breeding adapted cultivars with durable resistance. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of resistance against a race 1 isolate of Fol in Florida, delineate the relationship between foliar and taproot symptoms, and investigate the inheritance of resistance and partial resistance in two F2 populations. Thirteen experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field locations to characterize the diversity of genetic resistance in the genus Lactuca. Leaf cultivars Dark Lollo Rossa and Galactic; romaine breeding lines 43007, 60182, and C1145; and iceberg breeding line 47083 consistently exhibited low foliar and taproot disease symptoms. Resistance was not identified among the wildtype Lactuca or primitive plant introductions (PI) in this study based on taproot symptoms. An additional test was conducted to study the segregation pattern of Fol resistance between one resistant and one susceptible accession (R × S) and one partial resistant and one susceptible accession (PR × S). The F2 population from ‘60182 × PI 358001-1’ fit the expected segregation ratio for a single recessive locus model, whereas the ratio for ‘Dark Lollo Rossa × PI 358001-1’ did not fit either recessive or dominant single locus models. These sources of resistance are potential candidates for developing commercial cultivars with multiple resistance loci against Fol race 1, especially for the Florida lettuce production system.

scholarly journals Identification of Root-Knot Nematode Species Occurring on Tomatoes in Tanzania and Resistant Lines for Their Control

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nono-Womdim ◽  
I. S. Swai ◽  
L. K. Mrosso ◽  
M. L. Chadha ◽  
R. T. Opeña
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Species Mixtures

This was a 5-year study that included surveys during the first 2 years, followed by field evaluations of improved tomato lines over the next 3-year period. Surveys were conducted in 12 regions of Tanzania from 1993 to 1995 to identify the causal nematodes of tomato root-knots. Eighty-seven samples were collected and assayed for presence of Meloidogyne spp. M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica were detected at incidences of 1, 19, and 89%, respectively. Species mixtures were common within samples. Results indicated the presence of races 1 and 2 of M. incognita in tomato-growing regions of Tanzania. Reactions of eight advanced tomato breeding lines to the three species in greenhouse and field tests indicated that three lines, namely ARP 365-2, 367-1, and 367-2, were resistant to M. incognita races 1 and 2 and to M. javanica, but all lines were susceptible to M. hapla.

Field Test Results Versus Marker Assisted Selection for Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Peanut

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
G. Hookstra
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Gene ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Race 1

ABSTRACT A common set of 12 advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) breeding lines that were derived from ‘COAN’ cross combinations were compared with three check cultivars for root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] resistance. These 15 genotypes were grown in RKN populated field tests using a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years (2011 and 2012). Two molecular markers (SCAR 197/909 and SSR-GM565) used for marker assisted selection (MAS) did not agree with low gall ratings and high pod yield for four out of the 15 genotypes (26.7%). The results were the same each year with the same four field RKN-resistant genotypes being incorrectly identified as susceptible (false negatives) by both markers. Reciprocal cross combinations involving field resistant parents showed one-gene difference between MAS resistant × MAS susceptible in F1 and F2 populations. The lack of accuracy differentiating resistant RKN breeding lines when using these two markers was attributed to either recombination between the resistant gene RMA and these two markers, or the possible identification of a second unlinked nematode resistant gene. Regardless, more tightly-linked molecular markers are needed for RKN-resistance in future MAS breeding programs.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS VAR. CITROIDES) GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 520A-520
Author(s):  
J. A. Thies ◽  
A. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica) cause severe damage to watermelon and resistance has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. In greenhouse tests, we evaluated 265 U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for nematode resistance (based on root galling and nematode reproduction), and identified 22 PIs of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 1. In subsequent tests, these 22 PIs exhibited low to moderate resistance to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. Three watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (Charleston Gray, Crimson Sweet, and Dixie Lee), three C. colocynthis PIs, and four C. lanatus var. citroides PIs, all previously shown to be susceptible to M. arenaria race 1, were susceptible to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. The C. lanatus var. citroides PIs that are most resistant to both M. incognita and M. arenaria should be useful sources of resistance for developing root-knot nematode resistant watermelon cultivars.

scholarly journals Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Cucumber and Horned Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Kenneth R. Barkel
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and horned cucumber (C. metuliferus Naud.) germplasm were evaluated for their resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). All 24 C. metuliferus cultigens evaluated were resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood race 3, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 2, and M. hapla Chitwood. All 884 C. sativus cultigens (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction accessions) tested were resistant to M. hapla and few to M. incognita race 3. Only 50 of 884 C. sativus cultigens evaluated were somewhat resistant to M. arenaria race 2 and M. incognita race 3. A retest of the most resistant C. sativus cultigens revealed that LJ 90430 [an accession of C. sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef.] and `Mincu' were the only cultigens that were moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 2. LJ 90430 was the only cultigen, besides the two retested C. metuliferus cultigens, that was resistant to M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. All C. sativus cultigens retested, including LJ 90430, were highly susceptible to M. incognita races 1 and 3. The two C. metuliferus cultigens retested were highly resistant to all root-knot nematodes tested-M. arenaria race 2, M. incognita races 1 and 3, and M. javanica.

Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
M. Dutta ◽  
Anju Pathania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll, induces root-knot nematode resistance in Arabidopsis via the ethylene signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketo Fujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Abe ◽  
Takayuki Mizukubo ◽  
Shigemi Seo
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) parasitize the roots and/or stems of a wide range of plant species, resulting in severe damage to the parasitized plant. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) plays an important role in signal transduction pathways leading to resistance against RKNs. However, little is currently known about the induction mechanisms of ET-dependent RKN resistance. Inoculation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots with RKNs decreased chlorophyll contents in aerial parts of the plant. We observed accumulation of phytol, a constituent of chlorophyll and a precursor of tocopherols, in RKN-parasitized roots. Application of sclareol, a diterpene that has been shown to induce ET-dependent RKN resistance, to the roots of Arabidopsis plants increased phytol contents in roots accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll in aerial parts. Exogenously applied phytol inhibited RKN penetration of roots without exhibiting nematicidal activity. This phytol-induced inhibition of RKN penetration was attenuated in the ET-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant ein2-1. Exogenously applied phytol enhanced the production of α-tocopherol and expression of VTE5, a gene involved in tocopherol production, in Arabidopsis roots. α-Tocopherol exerted similar induction of RKN resistance as phytol and showed increased accumulation in roots inoculated with RKNs. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis vte5 mutant displayed no inhibition of RKN penetration in response to phytol. These results suggest that exogenously applied phytol induces EIN2-dependent RKN resistance, possibly via tocopherol production.

scholarly journals Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Tobacco Breeding Lines Derived from Variety Beinhart 1000

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kestrel McCorkle ◽  
Ramsey Lewis ◽  
David Shew
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Stem Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is managed primarily by host resistance. The rapid emergence of race 1 eliminated the usefulness of available complete resistance, leading breeders to search for new sources of resistance. Cigar tobacco ‘Beinhart 1000’ (BH) is highly resistant to all races of P. nicotianae. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a cross of BH and the susceptible ‘Hicks’ were evaluated for black shank resistance, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage groups (LGs) 4 and 8 accounted for >43% of the phenotypic variation in resistance. Forty-three DH lines and parents were evaluated, and genotypes with one or both QTL from BH on LGs 4 and 8 had increased incubation periods and decreased root rot but higher final inoculum levels than genotypes with neither QTL. A low level of stem resistance was observed in BH and DH lines with the QTL from BH on LG 4 but not LG 8. Low levels of leaf resistance were seen for Hicks, BH, and DH lines with both QTL from BH on LG 4 and 8. The partial resistance from BH has not been used commercially and may provide an increase in level of partial resistance in future tobacco varieties.

Resistance in Mungbean Against Meloidogyne incognita and its Impact on Nodulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narpinderjeet Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Anupam Anupam ◽  
Asmita Srari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mungbean is an economically as well as nutritionally enriched crop. Of the different soil borne pathogens attacking mungbean, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important pathogen affecting growth and production of mungbean. It is grown in summer as well as in kharif season. The germplasm of mungbean of two seasons’ viz., summer and kharif was screened to identify new sources of resistance against root knot nematode, M. incognita. In addition to screening; studies were also conducted on the impact of root knot nematode infestation in roots on nodulation character of mungbean and growth parameters. Of the sixty three genotypes evaluated in summer, seven were found to be moderately resistant. In kharif season, only three genotypes were found to be moderately resistant. M. incognita infestation was also observed to affect the plant growth parameters as well as nodulation on roots of mungbean genotypes. Comparatively, better plant growth and higher nodulation was observed in moderately resistant genotypes as compared to the susceptible ones. The ten identified moderately resistant genotypes from two seasons can be a useful source in breeding programmes for developing cultivars to manage root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Mi-1.2 Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Lingling Jia ◽  
Gowri Shah ◽  
Stephanie Hebert ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.

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