The Quarrel of Agamemnon & Menelaus

Mnemosyne ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sammons
Keyword(s):  
Political Role ◽  
Political Roles

Abstract In Odyssey Book 3, Nestor relates how a quarrel between the Atreidae led to a split of the Achaean army over departure from Troy. This story implies a representation of Agamemnon and Menelaus, their relationship, and their respective political roles, that is not reconcilable with that of the Iliad. I argue that Nestor’s tale reflects a tradition whose influence is visible in later texts, particularly the Cyclic Nostoi and some dramas of Euripides. While the Iliad clearly ignores this tradition, its language betrays some awareness of it; and in a few cases it is arguable that the Iliad alludes indirectly to a very different conception of Menelaus’s political role in the expedition against Troy.

The Institution of Traditional Leadership and Local Governance in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 715-732
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Political Roles

This article describes how traditional leaders play important developmental, administrative and political roles in rural areas, despite modern state structures. They regulate rural life, control access to land, and settle various disputes. They are respected leaders in their communities. The existence of traditional leaders means that both the decentralisation and the strengthening of local governance are not taking place in a vacuum. Documentary sources such as the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the Traditional Leaders Act (2000) and Chiefs and Headmen Act (1982); newspapers and unpublished non-governmental organisations (NGOs) evaluations and reports were used in this article. Traditional leaders have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the ZANU-PF government remains in power since 1980. In principle, traditional leaders should not be drawn into party politics and their role should remain one of the neutral leadership. If the traditional leader assumes a party-political role, one should appoint a substitute to handle their traditional role to avoid a conflict of interest.

Political Roles: Who Needs to Know?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lupia
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
School Board ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
School District Employees ◽  
Math Proficiency ◽  
Types Of Information

Up to this point in the book, we have established that educators’ ability to develop and defend claims about the benefits of conveying certain types of information depends on the logic of competence, a prospective learner’s values, and framing decisions. For the purpose of this chapter, I proceed as if an educator has developed such a defense and turn attention to an important procedural question. To increase a competence, who needs to know what? For example, citizens have opportunities to vote for other people (i.e., candidates) who then make decisions on their behalf. If an educator is seeking to increase a competence using a criterion that produces particular kinds of policy outcomes, then competence depends not only on citizens’ direct actions, but also on the subsequent actions of those whom they elect. Suppose, for example, that an educator’s goal is to increase math proficiency among second-graders in a given school district. If a citizen votes for a school board candidate who voices the same desire, this vote is not sufficient to produce the desired outcome. That candidate must actually win the election—which requires votes from other voters. If elected, the candidate must work with other school board members to write the desired policies and then must count on others, such as school district employees, to enforce the policies. If we evaluate a citizen’s school board voting competence by whether it makes increased math proficiency more likely, many decisions other than her vote affect the evaluation. As a result, the kinds of information that can increase this competence depend on how the voter can use them. Variations in political roles affect who needs to know what. By political role, I mean a person’s opportunities to affect political outcomes. Some individuals, like a president or governor, have roles with great authority. Their singular actions can change important social outcomes. Other roles carry less political authority—such as being one of several million voters in a two-candidate election whose lone vote is unlikely to affect who wins the election.

Between Generations: Activist Chinese Youths in Pursuit of a Political Role in the San-fan and in the Cultural Revolution

1979 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Raddock
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Thought Reform ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Clear Line ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

This paper attempts to assess just how much and in what ways behaviour has changed between the generation that experienced the Son-fan, Wu-fan Campaign in 1951–52 and the generation that pitched itself into the Cultural Revolution of 1966–69. We focus in the first instance on the confluence of the San-fan with a thought reform movement in the schools in 1951–52, in which students “drew a clear line of demarcation between self and family,” often denouncing their parents, and in which a youth vanguard forced their teachers as well to criticize themselves. Impressionistic comparisons between that campaign and the Cultural Revolution of the ways in which adoles-cents tried to establish continuity between patterns of behaviour learned in childhood and adult social-political roles may reveal differences in the direction and nature of their rebelliousness and may reflect changes in family relationships and in socialization patterns.

Political connections, media impact and state-owned enterprises: an empirical analysis on corporate financial performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giosi ◽  
Marco Caiffa
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the differential impact on the stock market of statements made by and information about directors and companies who are politically connected, compared to directors and companies with no political connections. The authors also analyze the role played by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which the authors have identified as politically connected companies because most board members are appointed by political authorities. Furthermore, the boundaries and institutional environment within which SOEs operate are likely to be different from private companies.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is composed of over 60,000 news articles on the boards of directors (both with political roles and without political roles) of listed Italian companies in the period 1998–2013. On that sample the authors run a regression analysis under the signaling theory approach.FindingsResults suggest a positive effect on market capitalization associated with individual political connections. This effect decreases when the political connection extends to the whole enterprise although it still remains, while a negative effect is associated with state-controlled enterprises. The impact of negative news content does not change depending on whether a board member has a political role or not.Originality/valuePrevious research has demonstrated a causal link between stock prices and their reaction to corporate news (Engelberg and Parsons, 2011; Peress, 2014), but no studies have quantified the different reactions that occur when the news mentions politically connected companies and individuals who hold a political role.

scholarly journals Just who do Canadian journalists think they are? Political role conceptions in global and historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Rollwagen ◽  
Ivor Shapiro ◽  
Geneviève Bonin-Labelle ◽  
Lindsay Fitzgerald ◽  
Lauriane Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Traditional Roles

In view of the robust link often inferred between autonomous journalism and the strength of a society's democratic institutions, and against the background of current challenges to journalists' traditional roles as purveyors of timely and independent information, we interviewed 352 Canadian journalists about their social and political roles and the influences on their news choices. Comparison of their responses against an international dataset (N=27,567) suggests that Canadian journalists place greater value on detached monitorial roles and claim relative autonomy from commercial and other influences on their work. Further, in comparing these findings to an influential panel study from 1999 to 2003, we conclude that the Canadian journalists' “credo," focused on neutral reporting and oriented more to perceived public interest than to business or audience interests, remains surprisingly intact despite contemporary pressures on news forms and business models. This professed neutrality is mitigated by a desire to promote diversity and tolerance.

The Institution of Traditional Leadership and Local Governance in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Traditional Leader ◽  
Political Roles

This article describes how traditional leaders play important developmental, administrative and political roles in rural areas, despite modern state structures. They regulate rural life, control access to land, and settle various disputes. They are respected leaders in their communities. The existence of traditional leaders means that both the decentralisation and the strengthening of local governance are not taking place in a vacuum. Documentary sources such as the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the Traditional Leaders Act (2000) and Chiefs and Headmen Act (1982); newspapers and unpublished non-governmental organisations (NGOs) evaluations and reports were used in this article. Traditional leaders have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the ZANU-PF government remains in power since 1980. In principle, traditional leaders should not be drawn into party politics and their role should remain one of the neutral leadership. If the traditional leader assumes a party-political role, one should appoint a substitute to handle their traditional role to avoid a conflict of interest.

Cracks in the ‘Mightiest Fortress’: Jamaat-e-Islami's Changing Discourse on Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 549-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRFAN AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic Feminism ◽  
Alternative Discourse ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractIslamists' ideas about the position of women are readily invoked to portray them as ‘anti-modern’. The operating assumption is that Islamism (mutatis mutandis Islam) sanctions gender hierarchy. In this paper, drawing on ethnographic research and written sources of the Jamaat-e-Islami of India, founded in 1941, I question such assumptions. While defending Islam against the ‘epidemic’ of westernization, Maududi (b. 1903), the Jamaat's founder, called women ‘the mightiest fortress of Islamic culture’. Invoking the Quran and Prophetic traditions, he argued that women should not step outside of the home, and must veil themselves from head to toe. He stood against any political role for women. For decades, Maududi's interpretation went uncontested. However, from the 1970s onwards many members of the Jamaat began to critique Maududi and offered an alternative reading of Islam. They argued that women could indeed leave the home, assume key economic and political roles, unveil their faces, as well as act in films. By highlighting such voices and analysing the sociological coordinates of the contestations within the Jamaat, I underscore the transformation in the Jamaat's discourse. I conclude by discussing whether the critiques of Maududi by his own followers inaugurate an alternative discourse of Islamic feminism.

scholarly journals Just who do Canadian journalists think they are? Political role conceptions in global and historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Rollwagen ◽  
Ivor Shapiro ◽  
Geneviève Bonin-Labelle ◽  
Lindsay Fitzgerald ◽  
Lauriane Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Traditional Roles

In view of the robust link often inferred between autonomous journalism and the strength of a society's democratic institutions, and against the background of current challenges to journalists' traditional roles as purveyors of timely and independent information, we interviewed 352 Canadian journalists about their social and political roles and the influences on their news choices. Comparison of their responses against an international dataset (N=27,567) suggests that Canadian journalists place greater value on detached monitorial roles and claim relative autonomy from commercial and other influences on their work. Further, in comparing these findings to an influential panel study from 1999 to 2003, we conclude that the Canadian journalists' “credo," focused on neutral reporting and oriented more to perceived public interest than to business or audience interests, remains surprisingly intact despite contemporary pressures on news forms and business models. This professed neutrality is mitigated by a desire to promote diversity and tolerance.

A multifactorial analysis of metaphors in political discourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-168
Author(s):  
Huiheng Zeng ◽  
Dennis Tay ◽  
Kathleen Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Oriented Approach

Abstract The rising prominence of women in politics has sparked a growing interest in comparing the language of male and female politicians. Many researchers have explored whether gender in politics has had an impact on their metaphor styles. While these studies have been oriented qualitatively and have concentrated on the two-way interaction between metaphor and gender, the possibility that metaphor and gender may interact with other additional factors is largely overlooked. This article adopts a quantitatively oriented approach complemented with textual analysis to explore potential multiple-way interactions between ‘metaphor’, ‘gender’, ‘speech section’ and ‘political role’ in political discourse. By conducting a case study of metaphor use in Hong Kong political speeches, we found evidence of gendered metaphors and their variability according to politicians’ political roles and different rhetorical sections in their speeches.

Just Who Do Canadian Journalists Think They Are? Political Role Conceptions in Global and Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Rollwagen ◽  
Ivor Shapiro ◽  
Geneviève Bonin-Labelle ◽  
Lindsay Fitzgerald ◽  
Lauriane Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Independent Information ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
International Data ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Traditional Roles

AbstractIn view of the robust link often inferred between autonomous journalism and the strength of a society's democratic institutions, and against the background of current challenges to journalists’ traditional roles as purveyors of timely and independent information, we interviewed 352 Canadian journalists about their social and political roles and the influences on their news choices. Comparison of their responses against an international data set (N= 27,567) suggests that Canadian journalists place greater value on detached monitorial roles and claim relatively greater autonomy from commercial and other influences on their work. Further, in comparing these findings to an influential panel study from 1996 to 2003, we conclude that the Canadian journalists’ “credo,” focused on neutral reporting and oriented more to perceived public interest than to business or audience interests, remains surprisingly intact despite contemporary pressures on news forms and business models. This professed neutrality is mitigated by a desire to promote diversity and tolerance.

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