Biogeography of Chilean herpetofauna: distributional patterns of species richness and endemism

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Soto ◽  
Marcela Vidal ◽  
Alberto Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
High Species Richness

AbstractWe analyze the geographic distribution pattern of Chilean amphibian and reptile species between 18°20′S (Arica) to 56°S (Magellanic Area) by the identification of centers of higher richness and endemism and we infer the biological processes that could have promoted these patterns from a biogeographic point of view, comparing our results with the present location of National Parks found in the National System of State Wildlife Protected Areas. Our results provide evidence that richness and endemism shows clear latitudinal trends along Chile, with highest values at mid-latitudes (31°S to 44°S). Five areas of endemism for phenetic analysis and six for PAE (Parsimony analysis of endemism) were found that agree with bioclimatic boundaries. We suggest that the richness and endemism patterns registered for Chilean herpetological taxa may be explained by an historical mechanism, in accordance with previous biogeographical proposals. To improve the conservation efforts for amphibians and reptiles we suggest inclusion of new protected areas at the regional level for the Mediterranean region of south-central Chile and for local northern and southern quadrats with high species richness and endemism.

scholarly journals New and noteworthy records of rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae and Echimyidae) from Paraguay

Check List ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Owen ◽  
Humberto Sánchez ◽  
Karina Atkinson ◽  
Leigh McMahon ◽  
Colleen B. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Small Country ◽  
South Central ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
To Come ◽  
Central South

Paraguay, situated in south-central South America, lies at the nexus of several major biomes, and exhibits high species richness for a relatively small country. Nevertheless, that faunal diversity is poorly known, and new species for the country continue to come to light. This paper reports on 3 species of rodents, 1 new for the country and 2 known previously in Paraguay from 1 specimen. We emphasize the need for more and better training of new field and museum biologists, as well as for directors of permitting agencies and protected areas.

scholarly journals Mass tourism in protected areas – underestimated threat? Polish National Parks case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1046-1060
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Zdzisław Jary
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Table Mountains ◽  
Tourist Flow

Abstract The article considers the tourist traffic as possible to elements of inanimate nature in protected areas. The highest form of protection in Poland - national parks, has been taken into account. The main goal is to diagnose the situation based on the analysis of official documents elaborated by the national park authorities. One of the important elements is to diagnose the threat to nature and indicate ways to neutralize it. At the beginning, the geotouristic potential of these parks was presented, where this type of resources is considered important from the point of view of tourism. The tourist function of the most important attractions in Poland was indicated. In the top ten there are as many as 4 national parks, including Tatrzański which takes first place. The size of tourist traffic in all 23 parks was analyzed. As a result, it was shown that the most popular, where tourist flow is of mass character, include mountain parks with significant geotouristic potential. Next, the current protection plans for them were analyzed: Tatrzański, Karkonoski, Table Mountains and Pieniński, where the annual tourist flow varies between 0.5 million and almost 4 million visitors per year. Threats were assigned to 4 groups: existing internal threats, potential internal threats, existing external threats and potential external threats. In each of the types of threats special attention was paid to those related to inanimate nature. It also indicated the ways in which park managers want to influence the change of negative trends. The basic conclusion was indicated, which boils down to the postulate of a balanced approach to the protection of both types of nature: animate and inanimate. In the case of animate nature, threats and suggestions for improving the situation seem to be much better diagnosed than in the case of inanimate nature.

scholarly journals Biogeography and areas of endemism of Prepops Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Livia Aguiar Coelho ◽  
Carlos Molineri ◽  
Daniel Andrés Dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Fiuza Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
High Species Richness

The Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographical range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impoverished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean subregion (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical species (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of protected areas for geotourism purposes from the perspective of visitors: the example of Babiogórski National Park (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Zdzisław Jary ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Piotr Owczarek ◽  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article examines the tourist role of protected areas important for their unanimated nature potential. In Poland the highest form of legal protection is a national park. Babiogórski National Parks is one of 23 national parks in Poland. The aim of this article is to present its tourist attraction based on its geotourist potential considered by tourists who visit this park. At the beginning a brief history of protection of Babia Góra is presented. Based on stock-taking sightseeing method an analysis of the most important tourist attractiveness elements (like infrastructure or tourist values) is done. The focus on the values of unanimated nature is made grouping them into four main categories. As the result of research on infrastructure the most important accommodation units were indicated present at the surroundings of this National Park which is vital for its tourist capacity. For the correct functioning of tourist movement at the protected area the supporting infrastructure is important bearing a lot of functions. The function of channeling of the tourist movement as well as the didactic function are the most important for protection and correct use of geotourist values. Among the many elements of the supporting infrastructure the most important ones are tourist and didactic routes (their course and themes are presented). The most important part of the article is the presentation of the participants of the tourist movement opinions on the Babiogórski National Park tourist attractiveness. A survey was conducted and then analysed on 308 respondents in 2011. They were asked to judge both the quality of infrastructure as well as attraction of geotourist values together with their adaptation to reception by the tourist movement. The results analysis served as a base to appraise the state and perspectives for the geotourism development in Babiogórski National Park from the point of view of the receivers of tourist product i.e. the protected area.

scholarly journals Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in protected areas of Greece

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Laura Likov ◽  
Ante Vujic ◽  
Snezana Radenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Biodiversity Indices ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
High Diversity

Greece hosts a highly diverse hoverfly fauna. The high diversity in this area arises primarily due to its position in the Mediterranean region, which is located at the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa and acts as a transition zone between three major bio?geographic regions. Sites with the richest hoverfly fauna in Greece are mostly protected. Species richness in selected protected areas were estimated using biodiversity indices. Accord?ing to the results, the most important categories for conservation and survival of hoverfly populations in Greece are national parks and Ramsar sites.

Alien Plants Homogenise Protected Areas: Evidence from the Landscape and Regional Scales in South Central Chile

2013 ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aníbal Pauchard ◽  
Nicol Fuentes ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Ramiro Bustamante ◽  
Alicia Marticorena
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Islands conserve high species richness and areas of endemism of Hormaphidinae aphids

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
Gexia Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
High Species Richness

scholarly journals The Development of Tourism in Protected Areas and the Exploitation of the Natural Environment by Local Communities in Africa and Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Anna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Over Exploitation

Abstract From an economic point of view, protected areas do not bring in high profits, in comparison to other possible ways of land usage. National parks and nature reserves are costly in their creation, as well as in their subsequent upkeep and management. In developing countries, their operation can be the source of many political and economic problems. Usually, local communities neighboring protected areas perceive the existence of a protected zone negatively, although they are often able to avail themselves of park resources in various ways. Besides being given the opportunity to rationally make use of certain park resources, community members may be employed as park attendants, which is a practice that is widespread. A part of the profits obtained from the developing tourist industry may be allocated towards local development programs, e.g. the building of a new hospital or school. Some national parks, while lacking the adequate infrastructure necessary for tourism, grapple with a lack of funds. The lack of earning opportunities in connection with the development of tourism results in the local community’s over-exploitation of park resources. This often manifests itself in an increased incidence of poaching in the protected area.

scholarly journals Factors influencing exotic species richness in Argentina’s national parks

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5514
Author(s):  
Mariela G. Gantchoff ◽  
Clay M. Wilton ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Bird Richness

Exotic species introductions are a global phenomenon and protected areas are susceptible to them. Understanding the drivers of exotic species richness is vital for prioritizing natural resource management, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. We analyzed the influence of coarse resolution factors on exotic species richness (plants, mammals, and birds) in Argentina’s National Parks System. We collected data on native species richness, year of park formation, park area, region, elevation range, number of rivers crossing area boundaries, roads entering area, mean annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean annual number of visitors, and Human Influence Index within and surrounding each park. We compiled 1,688 exotic records in 36 protected areas: 83% plants and 17% animals (9.5% mammals, 5.5% birds, 1.5% fishes, 0% amphibians, 0% reptiles). The five parks with the most exotic species (all taxa combined) were in north Patagonia. Exotic grasses were the most common exotic plants, and within animals, lagomorphs and feral ungulates were remarkably widespread. Exotic plant richness was mostly influenced by temperature and native plant richness, while exotic mammal and bird richness was driven mostly by anthropogenic variables, with models explaining 36–45% of data deviance. Most variables that positively influenced exotic taxa were indirectly related to an increase in spatial heterogeneity (natural or anthropogenic), suggesting greater niche space variability as facilitators of exotic richness increase. Additional data are needed to further investigate the patterns and mechanisms of exotic species richness in protected areas, which will help to prioritize the greatest needs of monitoring and management.

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