SECOND HOME TOURISM: AN INTERCESSION FOR REJUVENETION OF TOURISM DESTINATION IN COVID-19 CRISIS

This study aims to demonstrate how hedonistic Second Home Tourism (SHT) trips and eudaimonic community participation will retrieve tourist flow and revive tourist destination from the COVID-19 crisis. Q methodology was followed to measure the subjectivity of scholars, researchers and practitioners of tourism industry for the appreciation of SHT in the crisis. Q Method Software was used to conduct factor analysis. The result of the study concludes that short haul mobility/trip within periphery and/or travel bubble accelerates the % change of international tourist arrivals. The study also implores that how future SHT trips will ensure community resilience through social intuition (cultural integrity and knowledge exchange) and financial retention through economic empathy (demand-supply balance and revenue generation).

Geography of Tourist Flows in the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. The topic is of relevance due to the need to study tourist flows in terms of the geography of tourist trips in order to analyze and compare the directions of the flows. The problem is that the authorities responsible for tourism management in the region and tourism organizations do not always pay due attention to the geography of the tourist flow and to its optimization in terms of the interests of the region itself. At the same time, the identified trends can be taken into consideration in order to improve and increase the efficiency of the tourism industry in the region and when making managerial decisions in the tourism sector. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article characterizes the travel destinations of Mordovian tourists, reveals trends, and proposes measures to solve the identified problems. Materials and Methods. The materials on the development of tourism in the Republic of Mordovia published by the Territorial Body of the State Statistics Service in the Republic of Mordovia for the period from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed; data from the Digital Tourism service run by MegaFon mobile phone operator were also examined. The methods of mathematical statistics employed made it possible to calculate the changes in the relative and absolute indicators of the geography of the tourist flow in the republic over a ten-year period. To identify the geography of the regional tourist flow, the methods of analysis and generalization were used, which made it possible to identify the features of the internal and external tourist flows of people living in Mordovia. Results. An analysis of the dynamics and placement of inbound and outbound tourism has been carried out; the volume of the tourist flow has been considered; the features of the geography of the tourist flows have been considered; the problems that hinder the more effective development of tourism in the republic have been revealed. The measures aimed at improving the efficiency of tourism activities in the region have been proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The study made it possible to identify the main trends in the geography of the tourist flows of residents of Mordovia, as well as the causes and features of the ongoing transformations. The results of the study can contribute to the elaboration of an effective program for the development of tourism in the republic, to the adoption of productive managerial decisions in the field of tourism in the region, and to optimization of the geography of the tourist flows.

Leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: difficulties in diagnostics and treatment

В статье представлены клинические случаи лейшманиоза, которые проанализированы в контексте течения ВИЧ-инфекции, при которой лейшманиоз выступает в роли оппортунистического заболевания. Дана общая характеристика лейшманиоза, а также отмечены особенности течения этой инфекции на фоне приобретенного иммунодефицита. Рассмотрены вопросы диагностики и лечения лейшманиоза, смертность при котором остается достаточно высокой. Значительная распространенность ВИЧ-инфекции в мире, ежегодно увеличивающийся туристический поток в эндемичные страны, а также увеличение эндемичных очагов на территории РФ в связи с присоединением Республики Крым требуют от врачей всех специальностей пристального внимания и настороженности в отношении лейшманиоза. Особое внимание заслуживают больные ВИЧ-инфекцией, уже имеет место ряд сообщений о том, что у инфицированных ВИЧ диагностируется висцеральный лейшманиоз, и они подвергаются бóльшему риску инфицирования, чем общая популяция. Проявления висцерального лейшманиоза среди пациентов с иммунодефицитом, как правило, не отличаются от классического течения, однако в зависимости от степени угнетения иммунитета болезнь может принимать атипичные формы, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и назначение адекватной терапии. При наличии у больного ВИЧ-инфекции, длительной лихорадки неправильного типа, увеличения лимфоузлов, селезенки, печени, потери веса > 10%, прогрессирующей анемии, нейтропении, тромбоцитопении, гипоальбуминемии и данных о пребывании в регионах, эндемичных по лейшманиозу, целесообразно обследование на висцеральный лейшманиоз – пункция костного мозга с окраской мазков по Романовскому – Гимзе, постановкой ПЦР-пунктата с использованием тест-системы на лейшманиоз, а при получении положительных результатов – назначение препаратов пятивалентной сурьмы, препаратов второго ряда – амфотерицина В, липосомального амфотерицина В или паромомицина. In this article, leishmaniasis is considered in the context of HIV infection, in which this disease appears to be an opportunistic. A general characteristic of leishmaniasis is given, and the features of the course of infection in immunodeficiency are also presented. In the example of clinical cases, issues featuring diagnostics and treatment of leishmaniasis are reviewed, the mortality rate of which remains quite high. The accession of Crimea to Russia, the high prevalence of HIV infection in the world, as well as the annually increasing tourist flow to endemic countries, require physicians of all specialties to be aware of this disease. HIV patients deserve special attention, there are already a number of reports that people with HIV are diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis and are at greater risk of infection than the general population. The manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis among patients with immunodeficiency, as a rule, do not differ from the classical course, however, depending on the degree of suppression of immunity, the disease can take on atypical forms, which complicates timely diagnosis and the appointment of adequate therapy. If the patient has HIV infection, prolonged fever of the wrong type, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver, weight loss > 10%, progressive anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and data on stay in regions endemic for leishmaniasis, it is advisable to be tested for visceral leishmaniasis – puncture of bone marrow with staining of smears according to Romanovsky – Giemsa, staging of PCR punctate using a test system for leishmaniasis, and if positive results are obtained, the appointment of pentavalent antimony drugs, second-line drugs – amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B or paromomycin.

Houses with public functions at Lake Baikal

The lack of recommendations for establishment of a sustainable architectural environment at Lake Baikal predetermines a haphazard approach to territory development. The growing tourist flow increases anthropogenic environmental loads. These issues require the development of the necessary architectural tools for the implementation of local projects. The article focuses on the particular properties of the spatial solutions for detached houses with public functions.

Identifying Tourists as Stakeholders in Destination Marketing Cooperation:

Recent studies began to notice the significance of taking tourists into destination stakeholders, because the essence of destination is the primary place for tourist consumption. With empirical experience from a case study in Jing-Jin-Ji region, China, this paper classifies tourists’ stakeholder type as Dominant Stakeholders in destination marketing cooperation within Mitchell’s salience theory’ typology according to their salience attributes of legitimacy and urgency. Then, to explore factors influencing the success of cooperation from tourist stakeholder’s perspective, this paper analyzes tourist flow changes responding to the progress of destination marketing cooperation, and further understands these factors with the support of interviews with tourist’s group and other critical stakeholders. Finally, three major factors are found including the priority of tourism industry to destination governments, the priority of tourism cooperation to destination marketing organizations, and involvement of tourism enterprises in cooperation.

Problems of tourism infrastructure development (on the example of Olkhon Island)

In this article we consider the main problems associated with the anthropogenic load and underdeveloped tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island. Large numbers of tourists arrive on the island uncontrollably, complicating the operation of transport infrastructure and putting pressure on the landscape. In this regard, there is a need to develop a way to control the tourist flow. Olkhon Island is a protected area, the natural resources of which are protected by many laws and restrictions. At the same time, restricting tourist entry is not possible due to the fact that tourism is the main way for many residents to earn money. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the tourist infrastructure on Olkhon Island is made, the main problems are identified, and promising approaches and possible solutions are outlined. We considered the main methods for registering tourists, which are used both in the Russian Federation and in tourist centres in many countries. It was proposed to create an electronic resource that will not only provide up-to-date information about Baikal, Olkhon Island and tourist services, but also allow electronic registration of tourists in this area.

Global Development of International Tourism and Impact on the Economy of Ukraine

The article highlights the geopolitical aspects of the international tourism development in Ukraine as a global phenomenon that carries out economic, social and international and political action. In today's world, tourism has become a powerful industry, a huge complex in which the economic and social spheres are connected. The importance of tourism in international economic activity is constantly growing, and the market itself is acquiring new trends and features, affecting trade, transport and communications, agriculture and construction. The processes of globalization in the tourism market are characterized by changes in technology, modernization of transport infrastructure, internationalization of business activity and the creation of a regulatory mechanism. The potential of world tourist flows as factors of geopolitical influence is revealed, the structure of which reflects and influences the tendencies of international interaction. The main geopolitical factors influencing the dynamics and spatial organization of international tourist flows are structured. The world market of tourist services has a clear segmentation character. The main criteria for segmentation are motivational, age and regional ones. The general tendencies of development of the international tourism, a role and a place of Ukraine in the international tourist market are characterized. It is predicted that China will become the most popular tourist country in the near future. It is determined that due to the growth of intercontinental ties, which is based on the rapid development of vehicles and, above all, jet aircraft, as well as the desire of a significant number of people to visit the most remote and exotic corners of the Earth, tourism exchange between regions will develop more intensively than within regions. However, there is a growing tendency to increase the exchange of tourists between neighboring countries under conditions of normal relations between them and between countries with related languages. The main world events that have affected tourist flows in recent years are listed: Brexit, COVID-19, military actions in Eastern Ukraine and others. The analysis of international tourist flows in Ukraine was done, in particular their dynamics and spatial structure during 2010-2019 in the context of military-political aggression by Russia and the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian interstate relations. It is established that the current dynamics of the international tourist flow in Ukraine is characterized by a sharp decrease in international visitors, slowing down the development of tourism and reformatting the spatial structure of the incoming and outgoing tourist flow. It is also noted that among the main factors hindering the development of the Ukrainian tourism industry are the unsatisfactory state of development of infrastructure and logistics of tourism, high prices, environmental and criminal risks, low innovation activity of tourism enterprises. It is concluded that international tourism is not only a passive participant in international relations, but also an active political actor who is able to act as a channel for establishing international trust and cooperation, a factor in maintaining political stability.

An Examination of Exchange Rates on Foreign Tourist Flows into ASEAN-3

This research aims to analyze the effect of exchange rates on foreign tourist flows in ASEAN-3. A fixed-effect model is used to estimate data from three ASEAN countries, namely: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand from 1995 to 2016. The result shows that the exchange rate has a significant positive effect on foreign tourist flow. In other words, the depreciation of domestic currency increasing foreign tourist flow. Other control variables such as income per capita, HIV prevalence, trade, and consumer price index significantly affect a different sign.

Regulation Mechanism of Spatial Capacity of Tourist Resources in Scenic Spots Based on Internet of Things Technology

At present, it is urgent to solve the problem of scenic area tourism environmental capacity. This paper analyzes the causes of congestion and overload in scenic spots and then points out that the methods to solve the problem are capacity restriction and flow control. This paper first calculates the spatial capacity of various tourism resources in a scenic spot by using mathematical model and then studies the intelligent spatial management model of tourist flow in the scenic spot based on the Internet of Things technology. Based on the Internet of Things technology, the spatial capacity control platform of tourist resources in scenic spots built in this paper can realize the structure analysis of peak forest of tourist flow in scenic spots and the fractal and fractal dimension analysis of tourist flow and determine the spatial and temporal threshold of tourist flow control in tourist destinations. Through capacity restriction and flow regulation, tourists can be scientifically channelled and distributed, which can greatly reduce congestion and overload, enhance tourist experience, and improve tourist satisfaction, so as to promote the sustainable development of the scenic spot.