The Evolution of Mating Systems in Temperate Zone Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) Ii: Libellula Luctuosa (Burmeister)

AbstractThe behavioral ecology of Libellula luctuosa (Burmeister) (Odonata: Anisoptera) was studied at several ponds in northern New York State, U.S.A. The male Libellula maintained territories which were slightly overlapping on each pond. As many as six males utilized each territorial sector of the pond concurrently. Conspecifics showing submissive behavior were allowed on the mating site, and all males on the territory recognized and maintained the boundaries. These communal sites were primarily mating/ovipositing areas. Aggressive interactions among co-occurring males resulted in the establishment of a dominance hierarchy on each territory. The dominance hierarchy increased the reproductive efficiency of the dominant male probably by reducing interference with mating. Subordinate males occasionally mated. The relative advantage of dominance in mating attempts is quantified. The average number of males at the pond changed little during the day and males did not localize their behavior to specific parts of the pond. An individual male returned to the pond an average of 5 different days. While at the water, males either flew over a territory or perched adjacent to the pond. Individuals frequently left the pond and returned during the day. The amount of time spent in each activity depended on the time of day and number of conspecific competitors. Site attachment was low and males commonly flew to different territorial sectors. The dominance status of individual males often changed quite rapidly, especially when changing sectors or upon returning to the pond. Female Libellula occurred at low average daily density and showed no preference for specific areas of the pond or for certain times of day. Time budgets and analyses of mating behavior of Libellula luctuosa are considered with regard to the males' response to the availability and predictability of females and mating/ ovipositing sites. The behavioral patterns are analyzed with reference to a time-energymaturational-experiential hypothesis for the evolution of the behavior. Extensive comparisons are made between Libellula luctuosa (Burmeister) and Plathemis lydia (Drury).

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Timing Matters: HIV Testing Rates in the Emergency Department

Nursing Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2014/575130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rebecca Schnall ◽

Nan Liu

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

New York State ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Patient Acuity ◽

York State ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Day Of The Week

Study Objectives.In response to the 2010 New York State HIV testing law, we sought to understand the contextual factors that influence HIV testing rates in the emergency department (ED).Methods.We analyzed electronic health record logs from 97,655 patients seen in three EDs in New York City. We used logistic regression to assess whether time of day, day of the week, and season significantly affected HIV testing rates.Results.During our study period, 97,655 patients were evaluated and offered an HIV test. Of these, 7,763 (7.9%) agreed to be tested. Patients arriving between 6 a.m. and 7:59 p.m. were significantly (P<0.001) more likely to be tested for HIV, followed by patients arriving between 8:00 p.m. and 9:59 p.m. (P<0.01) and followed by patients arriving between 5–5:59 a.m. and 10–10:59 p.m. (P<0.05) compared to patients arriving at midnight. Seasonal variation was also observed, where patients seen in July, August, and September (P<0.001) were more likely to agree to be tested for HIV compared to patients seen in January, while patients seen in April and May (P<0.001) were less likely to agree to be tested for HIV.Conclusion.Time of day and season affect HIV testing rates in the ED, along with other factors such as patient acuity and completion of other blood work during the ED visit. These findings provide useful information for improving the implementation of an HIV testing program in the ED.

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Effects of Imitative Behavior on Seat Belt Usage: Three Field Observational Studies

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129804201508 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (15) ◽

pp. 1093-1097 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Seungkweon Hong ◽

Dongyool Kim ◽

Kathryn Kritkausky ◽

Raheel Rashid

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Seat Belt ◽

New York State ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Front Seat ◽

Passenger Seat ◽

Main Effect ◽

Location Study ◽

And Gender

Three field observational studies were conducted to examine the influence of a front seat car passenger (model) seat belt usage/non-usage on driver seat belt usage. In addition, the effects of driving location (study 1 and 2), time of day (study 1), day of week (study 2) and gender (study 3) were also examined. The results showed an overall seat belt use rate of about 70%, typical for New York State. All three studies showed that driver seat belt usage was significantly related to the front seat passenger seat belt rate. When the front-seat passenger wore the seat belt, 77% (79.4%-study 2, 87.1%-study 3) of the drivers wore the seat belt; when the front seat passenger did not wear the seat belt, only 44% (49.0%-study 2, 38.4%-study 3) of the drivers wore the seat belt. Results failed to show any significant effects of time of the day or day of week, but showed the expected significant effect of driving location (study 2). No overall main effect of gender on modeling was obtained, though interesting specific results were obtained. These studies extend earlier experimental work on the effects of modeling on seat belt usage, and confirm that car occupant seat belt behavior significantly impacts the other occupant's seat belt usage.

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Estimating Average Automobile Occupancy from Accident Data in New York State

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198196155300117 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1553 (1) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Seth A. Asante ◽

Louis H. Adams ◽

John J. Shufon ◽

Joseph P. McClean

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

Congestion Management ◽

Time Of Day ◽

System Level ◽

York State Department ◽

Department Of Transportation ◽

York State ◽

Accident Data ◽

Occupancy Rates

Average automobile occupancy (AAO) data are valuable input to congestion management systems (CMS). Continuous field collection of these data at the system level has been lacking because of high costs associated with current data collection methodology. It is shown how the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) has built upon prior research by the Connecticut Department of Transportation, which uses traffic accident data to calculate estimates of vehicle occupancy, and has tailored the process to meet NYSDOT's CMS needs. Accident data covering a 3-year period are used to estimate AAOs by county, year of occurrence, month of year, day of week, and time-of-day intervals. Occupancy rates are calculated to be lowest during the morning peak traffic period and highest during the evening period between 6:00 and 11:00 p.m. Occupancy rates are highest for summer months and lowest for winter months. Occupancy rates are highest for the weekends and lowest for weekdays. Accident-based AAOs are compared to multiple-station roadside-observed AAOs. Adjustment factors are developed to convert the former to be comparable to the latter. It is concluded that using accident data to estimate AAO is a viable and economical approach to continuous monitoring of system-level AAO performance. NYSDOT is currently using accident-based AAO data as an integral part of its CMS.

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Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Crisis and Transformation: The Kibbutz at Century's End, New York: State University of New York Press, 1997, £17.25, xii+282 pp. (ISBN 0-7914-3225-4).

Sociology ◽

10.1017/s0038038598210133 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 613-637

Author(s):

CHRISTOPHER WARHURST

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

State University ◽

York State

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Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations ◽

10.1044/cds22.2.64 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 64-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Catherine J. Crowley ◽

Kristin Guest ◽

Kenay Sudler

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Public Schools ◽

Cultural Competence ◽

York City ◽

Cultural Sensitivity ◽

Graduate Program ◽

Language Disorder ◽

New York State ◽

Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

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