Prejudicial reactions to the removal of Native American mascots

As Native American mascots are discontinued, research is needed to understand the impact on intergroup relations. Such discontinuations may be threatening to some and increase prejudice against Native Americans. In Study 1 ( N = 389), exposure to information about a Native American mascot removal increased punitive judgments against a Native American in a hypothetical legal scenario, particularly among those high in racial colorblindness and those residing in the implicated geographical location. Study 2 ( N = 358,644) conceptually replicated and extended these findings, using population-level implicit bias data to perform a natural quasi-experiment. Prejudice against Native Americans increased in the year following the removal of two Native American mascots: “Chief Illiniwek” and “Chief Wahoo.” However, in the case of Chief Illiniwek, the effect diminished after 6 years. Together, the studies contribute to understanding the psychological impact of Native American mascots, offering a first look at how their removal influence intergroup relations.

Associations between DNA methylation and BMI vary by metabolic health status: a potential link to disparate cardiovascular outcomes

Background Body mass index (BMI), a well-known risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes, is associated with differential DNA methylation (DNAm). Similarly, metabolic health has also been associated with changes in DNAm. It is unclear how overall metabolic health outside of BMI may modify the relationship between BMI and methylation profiles, and what consequences this may have on downstream cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at which the association between BMI and DNAm could be modified by overall metabolic health. Results The discovery study population was derived from three Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) ancillary studies (n = 3977) and two Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) ancillary studies (n = 3520). Findings were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (n = 1200). Generalized linear models regressed methylation β values on the interaction between BMI and metabolic health Z score (BMI × MHZ) adjusted for BMI, MHZ, cell composition, chip number and location, study characteristics, top three ancestry principal components, smoking, age, ethnicity (WHI), and sex (ARIC). Among the 429,566 sites examined, differential associations between BMI × MHZ and DNAm were identified at 22 CpG sites (FDR q < 0.05), with one site replicated in MESA (cg18989722, in the TRAPPC9 gene). Three of the 22 sites were associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in WHI. For each 0.01 unit increase in DNAm β value, the risk of incident CHD increased by 9% in one site and decreased by 6–10% in two sites over 25 years. Conclusions Differential associations between DNAm and BMI by MHZ were identified at 22 sites, one of which was validated (cg18989722) and three of which were predictive of incident CHD. These sites are located in several genes related to NF-kappa-B signaling, suggesting a potential role for inflammation between DNA methylation and BMI-associated metabolic health.

A Systematic Review on Knowledge-Attitude-Practice on diabetes: Assessment Process and Outcome Levels

This systematic review aimed to gather scientific evidence regarding the methods and indicators used to measure Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) related to their disease among patient with diabetes and the level of KAP measured as outcome. 65 studies were included in this review following the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the 7 electronic databases. Reviewed papers were categorized according to the assessment process of KAP in the studies. Articles were described and analyzed according to a list of criteria defined: the publication year; research location; study design; age of study subjects; addressed issues, process to measure and level of KAP in the article. Assessment of KAP on diabetes was expressed by mean, categories, percentage or in combined process. Majority of the reviewed studies were cross sectional (n=46, 71%), performed among adult patients (n=59, 91%), conducted in Asia (n=39, 60%) and used non- standardized questionnaire (65%). In most of the studies, level of knowledge and attitude on diabetes was found to be average (n=39, 60% & n=7, 11% respectively) and practices were found poor (n=12, 19%). The findings showed different types of indicators produced to measure KAP and the different dimensions being used either independently or together. There is a need for a standard validated questionnaire to be able to produce a measure of knowledge and behaviors of patients with diabetes that will be valid and comparable.

Assessing the Attitude of Tampa Bay Youth toward HIV Self-Testing Kits

In adults, data support the utility and acceptance of home HIV testing; however, in youth, particularly in the US, this has not been well studied. In this exploratory study, we surveyed Tampa Bay youth aged 16−27 and attending sexual health clinics between 1 June and 31 June 2018 (n = 133) regarding attitudes and perceptions towards HIV self-testing. While most indicated the clinic over home when asked for preferred testing location, study population and subgroup analysis demonstrated a positive response (agree) to Likert-scale questions regarding the use of home HIV self-testing kits and negative responses (strongly disagree) to “would not use self-testing kit”. There was a significant difference between genders in testing location preference (p = 0.031) for those respondents that specified gender (n = 123), with males more likely to prefer home testing than females. This study suggests an openness of youth towards HIV home testing that could help to expand the number of youth aware of their HIV status.

Weight location moderates weight-based self-devaluation and perceived social devaluation in women

People with overweight and obesity devalue themselves, partially because they are socially devalued. However, for women, social valuation depends not only on how much weight they carry but where on their bodies they carry it. Here, we investigate whether weight-based self-valuation and perceived social valuation also depend on body shape. Study 1, using a nationally-representative sample from NHANES (N = 1,052 reproductively-aged women), showed that, controlling for body fat, weight labeling (by self and others) and wanting to lose weight depended on weight location. Study 2, in a direct test of predictions, using an undergraduate sample of women (N = 215), showed that with increased body fat, women with an abdominal weight distribution reported more self-devaluation (e.g., lower self-esteem) and perceived social devaluation (e.g., higher perceived weight discrimination); women with a gluteofemoral weight distribution, however, were shielded—partially or fully—from these adverse effects of increased body fat.

A Study for Locations of Accident Prone on Some Provincial Roads in Province of Kalimantan Barat

Nowadays more than one million people become victim in an accident on the roads. Some efforts have already been done to reduce globally the number accident. This paper is to show the condition of some provincial roads as location study in province of Kalimantan Barat regarding with description, characteristic, and the causes of accident. The results indicate that the human error take part dominantly around of 65% accident number, meanwhile vehicle condition and road environment contribute less than 5 %. The provincial road is dominated by the two-lane two-way facility. The finding shows the frontal collision type around of 42 % on the accident number. Number of motor cycle dominate the type of vehicle on the road. It coincides with percentage of motor cycle significant involved at an accident around of 71%. The frontal collision at location of study is more than twice compared to national data. Ratio number of accidents to length of road is located on the road segment from Ketapang to Pesaguan around of 0.884 each kilometer

Frequency and Location of Supernumerary Teeth in a Private Hospital of Karachi City

Objective: To investigate frequency of supernumerary tooth in relation to gender, age and location. Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional Study was conducted at Mamji Hospital, Karachi from June 2017 to June 2019. Methodology: A total of 2160 patients seen and out of which 45 clinically diagnosed patients of supernumerary teeth were participated in this study. Supernumerary teeth were classified on the basis of location. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency of all variables. Chi-Square test was applied, P-value < 0.05was considered significant. Results: The total patients were 45 which comprised of 26 male and 19 females with ages ranging from 15 to 60 years. The prevalence of ST was 1.59%, the higher predilection of supernumerary teeth was seen in males than females. The male to female’s ratio was 1.36:1. On the basis of location ST were further classified on Mesiodens, Paramolars and Distomolars category. Of the 45 supernumerary teeth, 36 were had Mesiodens (m= 62.1%, f=37.8%), 5 were Paramolars (m=60%, f=40%) and 3 were Distomolars (m=0, f= 100%). Conclusion: The present study findings showed high prevalence of ST was dominant in males. Present study emphasizes the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of supernumerary teeth to avoid unwanted complications

Timing of Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery at Term and Neonatal Outcomes

This article provides a summary of a landmark study in obstetrics. The article provides insight on a pivotal question; Is delivery before 39 weeks among patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean delivery associated with increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes? The authors describe the basics of the study, including study location, study population, number of patients, study design, endpoints, results, and limitations. The article briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The article places these finding in contemporary context and highlights its impact on obstetric care. In addition, the author reference updated national guidelines developed as a result of this study.

First Trimester Hemoglobin A1 and Risk for Major Malformation and Spontaneous Abortion

This chapter summarizes a landmark study on the association of first trimester hemoglobin A1 values with risk for spontaneous abortions and major fetal malformations during pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes. Is there a correlation between glycemic control during the first trimester and risk for spontaneous abortion and major malformations? Starting with this question, it describes the basics of the study, including study location, study population, amount of patients, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.