Variation in hatch among pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, in response to potato root diffusate from Solanum spp. I. Preliminary assessments to establish optimal testing conditions

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Turner ◽  
Colin C. Fleming ◽  
Brendan P. Moreland ◽  
Trevor J.G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Solanum Spp

Abstract Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) hatch in response to the presence of root diffusate produced by host plants. Potato root diffusate (PRD) contains hatching factors that stimulate differential hatch between the two PCN species (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) throughout the growing season. In order to clarify the role of PRD in wild potato clones resistant to PCN, a series of trials established optimal test conditions using a range of PCN populations on a representation of Solanum species (Solanum sanctae-rosae, S. sparsipilum, S. gourlayi, S. acaule, S. oplocense). Dilution tests showed that half strength PRD consistently stimulated highest levels of nematode hatch. PCN populations were treated with PRD collected weekly throughout the trials, mimicking the natural release of chemical stimulants from growing potato roots. Whilst the G. rostochiensis Ro1 population showed no variation in hatch, other populations displayed differences in hatch in the presence of the different Solanum PRD. This may reflect the different coevolutionary histories of nematodes and their Solanum hosts in South America.

The effects of α-solanine and zinc sulphate on the behaviour of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Rasa Čepulytė-Rakauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Testing Period

Two behavioural assays were carried out: one on the attraction of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, to solanaceae-specific secondary metabolite α-solanine, the other on the effect of ZnSO4 (a compound known to suppress chemoreceptors). The first assay demonstrated that α-solanine was attractive to second-stage juveniles (J2) of PCN; G. pallida was attracted to concentrations of 10−4 M and 10−5 M, whereas G. rostochiensis was attracted to 10−5 M. Globodera pallida reacted faster than G. rostochiensis to the same concentration of α-solanine. As α-solanine is produced by host plants of PCN, this compound is attributed to kairomones. The response to α-solanine of nematodes pre-exposed to a 3 mM ZnSO4 solution was significantly suppressed compared to that of water control. The effect was observed throughout the whole testing period (30 min). This is the first evidence that both α-solanine and ZnSO4 can affect the behaviour of hatched J2 of PCN.

Effect of tuber-borne micro-organisms on hatching activity of potato root leachate towards potato cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractPotato cyst nematodes hatch in response to hatching factors (HF) present in potato root leachate (PRL). The much higher spontaneous hatch (hatch in the absence of potato plants or PRL) of both Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in sand (32.2 and 21.1%, respectively) compared to in vitro (6.0 and 4.8%) experiments suggested the presence of other hatching factor-producing organisms in the non-sterile sand. When sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants) and non-sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants grown in the presence of tuber washings) samples were collected and assayed for hatching activity, the in vitro hatch of both PCN species but particularly of G. pallida was greater in non-sterile PRL. When these samples were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 by low pressure liquid chromatography and the fractions tested for hatching activity, the non-sterile PRL produced more hatching factors (HF) than the sterile PRL; in the fractionated sterile PRL only one significant HF (active towards G. pallida) was observed, compared to six (towards G. pallida) and three (towards G. rostochiensis) HF from the non-sterile PRL, with two HF being active towards both species. The non-sterile PRL appeared to produce more hatching factor stimulants (HS) and fewer hatch inhibitors (HI) than the sterile PRL. These results suggest that soil micro-organisms play an important role in the production of hatching chemicals and it is proposed that the differences in HF profiles between sterile and non-sterile PRL were due, at least in part, to increased HS production in the non-sterile PRL.

Investigations into the chemoattraction of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida towards fractionated potato root leachate

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Devine ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Common Fractions

AbstractThe behaviour of stimulated second stage juveniles (J2) (i.e., hatched in root leachate from potato cv. Cara) and unstimulated J2 (spontaneously hatched in water) of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida in response to fractionated and unfractionated potato root leachate (PRL) was investigated in attraction assays. In PRL, fractionated by combined ion-exchange-gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-10, three classes of semiochemicals with activity towards J2 were distinguished: i) chemoattractants; ii) chemostats, and iii) chemorepellents. The motility of PRL-hatched G. rostochiensis J2 in one fraction (12) at 10 days after their removal from the root leachate was significantly greater than that of water-hatched J2 apparently due to sensitisation of PRL-hatched J2. PRL-hatched J2 of G. pallida were attracted to different fractions than those of G. rostochiensis, whereas the water-hatched J2 from the two species were attracted to common fractions, indicating that sensitisation by exposure to PRL was species selective. The attraction of PRL-hatched PCN J2 to unfractionated PRL appeared to be dependent on the ratio of chemoattractant to chemorepellent semiochemicals in the leachate. For both species there was no detectable correlation between hatching activity and either attractiveness of root leachates from 12 potato genotypes or chemoattraction in PRL fractions, indicating that hatching factors were not active chemoattractants.

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

scholarly journals Variability of D2/D3 segment sequences of several populations and pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Douda ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
E. Nováková ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Pair Comparisons ◽  
Single Fragment ◽  
Direct Management

Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida) remain a key pest in the main potato growing regions of the Czech Republic. Due to difficult direct management and presence of diverse pathotypes attacking different potato cultivars the rapid and reliable diagnostics is of crucial importance. Currently, efforts are aimed at a description of different pathotypes based on DNA analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity of sequences of D2/D3 segments of the 28S rDNA gene obtained from 3 populations of G. rostochiensis and 5 populations of G. pallida and estimate their value for diagnostic purposes. PCR amplification yielded a single fragment of the length of 700 bp approximately in all populations. The alignment score of the vast majority of all pair comparisons of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida populations varied from 98 to 99. In total 14 point deletions and 3 substitutions were observed. The variability of D2/D3 segments of potato cyst nematodes is rather low and this DNA region can be used for diagnostics on a species level because more differences were found after comparing with G. tabacum and G. millefolii sequences obtained from Gene Bank; however the applicability of D2/D3 sequences to routine diagnostics of potato cyst nematodes could be complicated by its similarity to corresponding sequences of the nematode G. artemisiae.

Repetitive DNA and hybridization patterns demonstrate extensive variability between the sibling species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. De Jong ◽  
J. Bakker ◽  
M. Roos ◽  
F. J. Gommers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Species Hybridization

SUMMARYA method is described for the isolation of high molecular weight DNA from females of potato cyst nematodes. Restriction enzyme analyses of repetitive DNA revealed 30 bands specific for Globodera rostochiensis and 8 bands specific for G. pallida. None of the repetitive DNA bands resolved was common to both species. Hybridization patterns, obtained with a DrosophilaβJ-tubulin probe, revealed 4 common bands, 3 bands specific for G. rostochiensis and 12 bands specific for G. pallida.

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