The effects of α-solanine and zinc sulphate on the behaviour of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincas Būda ◽  
Rasa Čepulytė-Rakauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Testing Period

Two behavioural assays were carried out: one on the attraction of potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, to solanaceae-specific secondary metabolite α-solanine, the other on the effect of ZnSO4 (a compound known to suppress chemoreceptors). The first assay demonstrated that α-solanine was attractive to second-stage juveniles (J2) of PCN; G. pallida was attracted to concentrations of 10−4 M and 10−5 M, whereas G. rostochiensis was attracted to 10−5 M. Globodera pallida reacted faster than G. rostochiensis to the same concentration of α-solanine. As α-solanine is produced by host plants of PCN, this compound is attributed to kairomones. The response to α-solanine of nematodes pre-exposed to a 3 mM ZnSO4 solution was significantly suppressed compared to that of water control. The effect was observed throughout the whole testing period (30 min). This is the first evidence that both α-solanine and ZnSO4 can affect the behaviour of hatched J2 of PCN.

Enzyme variation in pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fox ◽  
H. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Enzyme Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

SUMMARYA total of 65 enzymes in the 8 European pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis were examined by isoelectric focusing (IEF) for possible polymorphic variants which may aid rapid pathotype recognition. Quantitative variation was seen with glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), with high levels of this enzyme present in G. rostochiensis Ro3. Mannose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) also varied between the pathotypes with G. rostochiensis Ro4 and Ro5 differing from the other pathotypes in the relative absorbance of some bands. Phosphoglucomutase was examined on a narrow-range pH gel and additional differences to those described previously were detected.

scholarly journals Integrative Morphometric and Molecular Approach to Update the Impact and Distribution of Potato Cyst Nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in Algeria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Aouicha Djebroune ◽  
Gahdab Chakali ◽  
Eugénia de Andrade ◽  
Maria João Camacho ◽  
Leidy Rusinque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Morphological and molecular studies were conducted to characterize the specific identity of 36 isolates of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) recovered from soil samples collected in several potato producing areas of Algeria. Morphometric data revealed that 44% of isolates contained Globodera pallida alone, 28% contained Globodera rostochiensis alone and 28% mixtures of the two species. Morphometric values of cysts and second-stage juveniles were generally distributed with slight differences in the expected ranges for both Globodera species. Inter- and intraspecific morphometric variability in nematode isolates was noted. Molecular analysis using conventional multiplex PCR with species-specific primers and TaqMan real-time PCR confirmed the morphological identification. In addition, the distribution of both potato cyst nematode species throughout various parts of the country was investigated. In the central areas, the isolates of G. pallida alone dominate, whereas isolates of G. rostochiensis alone are more frequent in the southern areas. In the eastern regions, mixed isolates are more representative. Most isolates examined in the western areas are mixtures of the two species or G. rostochiensis alone. Comparatively, G. pallida remains the most widely distributed species in its geographic range. This study confirms the presence of two PCN species, G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, in Algeria and provides additional information on their biogeographic distribution.

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

scholarly journals Variability of D2/D3 segment sequences of several populations and pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Douda ◽  
M. Zouhar ◽  
E. Nováková ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Pair Comparisons ◽  
Single Fragment ◽  
Direct Management

Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida) remain a key pest in the main potato growing regions of the Czech Republic. Due to difficult direct management and presence of diverse pathotypes attacking different potato cultivars the rapid and reliable diagnostics is of crucial importance. Currently, efforts are aimed at a description of different pathotypes based on DNA analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity of sequences of D2/D3 segments of the 28S rDNA gene obtained from 3 populations of G. rostochiensis and 5 populations of G. pallida and estimate their value for diagnostic purposes. PCR amplification yielded a single fragment of the length of 700 bp approximately in all populations. The alignment score of the vast majority of all pair comparisons of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida populations varied from 98 to 99. In total 14 point deletions and 3 substitutions were observed. The variability of D2/D3 segments of potato cyst nematodes is rather low and this DNA region can be used for diagnostics on a species level because more differences were found after comparing with G. tabacum and G. millefolii sequences obtained from Gene Bank; however the applicability of D2/D3 sequences to routine diagnostics of potato cyst nematodes could be complicated by its similarity to corresponding sequences of the nematode G. artemisiae.

Effect of tuber-borne micro-organisms on hatching activity of potato root leachate towards potato cyst nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractPotato cyst nematodes hatch in response to hatching factors (HF) present in potato root leachate (PRL). The much higher spontaneous hatch (hatch in the absence of potato plants or PRL) of both Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida in sand (32.2 and 21.1%, respectively) compared to in vitro (6.0 and 4.8%) experiments suggested the presence of other hatching factor-producing organisms in the non-sterile sand. When sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants) and non-sterile PRL (from aseptically cultured microplants grown in the presence of tuber washings) samples were collected and assayed for hatching activity, the in vitro hatch of both PCN species but particularly of G. pallida was greater in non-sterile PRL. When these samples were fractionated on Sephadex G-10 by low pressure liquid chromatography and the fractions tested for hatching activity, the non-sterile PRL produced more hatching factors (HF) than the sterile PRL; in the fractionated sterile PRL only one significant HF (active towards G. pallida) was observed, compared to six (towards G. pallida) and three (towards G. rostochiensis) HF from the non-sterile PRL, with two HF being active towards both species. The non-sterile PRL appeared to produce more hatching factor stimulants (HS) and fewer hatch inhibitors (HI) than the sterile PRL. These results suggest that soil micro-organisms play an important role in the production of hatching chemicals and it is proposed that the differences in HF profiles between sterile and non-sterile PRL were due, at least in part, to increased HS production in the non-sterile PRL.

Variation in hatch among pathotypes of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, in response to potato root diffusate from Solanum spp. I. Preliminary assessments to establish optimal testing conditions

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Turner ◽  
Colin C. Fleming ◽  
Brendan P. Moreland ◽  
Trevor J.G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Solanum Spp

Abstract Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) hatch in response to the presence of root diffusate produced by host plants. Potato root diffusate (PRD) contains hatching factors that stimulate differential hatch between the two PCN species (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) throughout the growing season. In order to clarify the role of PRD in wild potato clones resistant to PCN, a series of trials established optimal test conditions using a range of PCN populations on a representation of Solanum species (Solanum sanctae-rosae, S. sparsipilum, S. gourlayi, S. acaule, S. oplocense). Dilution tests showed that half strength PRD consistently stimulated highest levels of nematode hatch. PCN populations were treated with PRD collected weekly throughout the trials, mimicking the natural release of chemical stimulants from growing potato roots. Whilst the G. rostochiensis Ro1 population showed no variation in hatch, other populations displayed differences in hatch in the presence of the different Solanum PRD. This may reflect the different coevolutionary histories of nematodes and their Solanum hosts in South America.

Comparison of the production and mobility of hatching activity towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida within soil planted with a host potato crop

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Devine ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Plant Emergence

AbstractSoil core samples were taken from a commercial potato field before emergence of the potato crop, during crop development and after harvesting. Leachates from the cores were analysed in an in vitro hatching assay in the laboratory for activity towards the potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Hatching activity in the soil increased rapidly after plant emergence and peaked between 2 and 5 weeks after emergence; thereafter, at about the onset of flowering, hatching factor activity decreased markedly. The soil cores collected in the first 2 weeks after plant emergence contained significantly greater hatching activity towards G. pallida than G. rostochiensis, indicating that G. pallida-selective hatching factors were produced by the host crop earlier than G. rostochiensis-selective hatching factors. Soil cores collected from the potato ridge and the furrows at various depths and distances from the host plants differed in the distribution of G. pallida-selective and G. rostochiensis-selective hatching activity within the soil profile. Globodera pallida-selective hatching activity had greater vertical and horizontal mobility in the soil profile and elicited significantly greater hatching responses than G. rostochiensis beyond the region of the rhizosphere. Significant levels of hatching factor activity could be detected in the field 90 days after harvesting of the potato crop.

scholarly journals Assessment of resistance of potato hybrids from the Russian Potato Research Center’s collection to Globodera rostochiensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
A K Koroleva ◽  
A B Sivolapova ◽  
M S Voinova ◽  
A S Ivanova ◽  
A A Meleshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Research ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are the most common pests feeding on potato roots. These pests have an aggressive distribution dynamic and bring a lot of damage to yield. The study presents results of comprehensively test new potato genotypes for resistance to the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), for its further use in breeding and the creation of economically valuable resistant varieties. Almost half of the samples showed laboratory resistance to golden potato nematode, the rest were susceptible. 26 samples have shown the presence of two molecular markers (N146, N19), indicating the presence of H1 gene. Almost all samples showed a correspondence between laboratory resistance and the presence of H1 gene markers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the nematicidal potential of vermicompost, vermicompost tea, and urea application on the potato-cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Peter Kováčik
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Vermicompost Tea

Abstract The addition of organic material to the soil can be an effective alternative to the environmentally unsafe chemical treatments that are used to control plant parasitic nematodes. We evaluated the effects of vermicompost alone, and aqueous solutions of vermicompost (vermicompost tea) either alone or mixed with urea, on the development and survival of two potato-cyst nematodes: Globodera rostochiensis (pathotype Ro1) and G. pallida (pathotype Pa2) and on the growth parameters of the host potato plants. Soil amendments with these materials significantly decreased the number of cysts · 400 g–1 of both species in the soil, the number of eggs and juveniles · cyst–1 of both species, and the number of eggs and juveniles · g–1 of both species in the soil, relative to the untreated controls. The suppressive effect was significantly higher at the highest dose than the lowest treatment dose, for all tested materials. Globodera rostochiensis was more sensitive to all the tested materials than G. pallida. The aqueous solutions of vermicompost alone or in combination with urea were more effective than the solid vermicompost used alone, for controlling both species. Vermicompost and the vermicompost teas had positive effects on plant fresh stem weight and stem height. The application of vermicompost tea instead of the solid vermicompost, substantially decreased the amount of material needed. These amendments are thus promising for the control of potato-cyst nematodes in sustainable agricultural systems.

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