Identification of a putative expansin gene expressed in the subventral glands of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Long ◽  
Deliang Peng ◽  
Wenkun Huang ◽  
Yanke Liu ◽  
Huan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Expansin Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Parasitism Genes

Parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the pharyngeal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes play important roles in the parasitic process. A new expansin gene (Ha-expb1) expressed in the subventral glands of the sedentary cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, was cloned. Southern blot analysis suggested that Ha-expb1 is a member of a multigene family. The deduced protein Ha-EXPB1 consists of a signal peptide, a CBM II and an expansin domain, and was significantly similar to expansins and expansin-like proteins from the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, and the pine wood nematodes, Bursaphelenchus spp. In situ hybridisation showed that Ha-expb1 transcript specifically accumulated in the two subventral gland cells of the second-stage juveniles. Developmental expression confirmed that its transcript abundances were high in the motile juvenile stages and low in the sedentary stage of the nematode, implying a role in the early parasitic-stage process, most likely in aiding migration within the plant.

scholarly journals A Profile of Putative Parasitism Genes Expressed in the Esophageal Gland Cells of the Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong Huang ◽  
Bingli Gao ◽  
Tom Maier ◽  
R. Allen ◽  
Eric L. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Parasitism Genes

Identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from a nematode's esophageal gland cells and injected through its stylet into plant tissue is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. Meloidogyne incognita parasitism genes were cloned by microaspirating the cytoplasm from the esophageal gland cells of different parasitic stages to provide mRNA to create a gland cell-specific cDNA library by long-distance reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Of 2,452 cDNA clones sequenced, deduced protein sequences of 185 cDNAs had a signal peptide for secretion and, thus, could have a role in root-knot nematode parasitism of plants. High-throughput in situ hybridization with cDNA clones encoding signal peptides resulted in probes of 37 unique clones specifically hybridizing to transcripts accumulating within the subventral (13 clones) or dorsal (24 clones) esophageal gland cells of M. incognita. In BLASTP analyses, 73% of the predicted proteins were novel proteins. Those with similarities to known proteins included a pectate lyase, acid phosphatase, and hypothetical proteins from other organisms. Our cell-specific analysis of genes encoding secretory proteins provided, for the first time, a profile of putative parasitism genes expressed in the M. incognita esophageal gland cells throughout the parasitic cycle.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Parasitism Genes of the Root Knot Nematode

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Ajit K. Ngangbam ◽  
Nongmaithem B. Devi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
Parasitism Genes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes which are highly successful parasites evolved a very specialized feeding relationship with the host plant to cause the destructive root-knot disease. They initiate their parasitic relationship with the host by releasing their secretions into root cells which in turn stimulate the root cells of the host to become specialized feeding cells which are considered as the single source of nutrients essential for the nematode's survival. The parasitism genes expressed in nematode's esophageal gland cells encode secretory proteins that are released through its stylet to direct the interactions of the nematode with its host plants.

Identification of putative expansin-like genes from the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and evolution of the expansin gene family within the Nematoda

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Malcolm Kennedy ◽  
John Jones ◽  
Nurul Karim ◽  
Taisei Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Expansin Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractWe report the cloning and characterisation of genes encoding expansin-like proteins from the pine wood nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus. A small family of genes is present in both species and the Bursaphelenchus genes are most similar to expansins and expansin-like proteins from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and root-knot nematodes. Molecular modelling suggests that the genes could encode a protein with a structure similar to that of functionally characterised expansins. Expression analysis showed that the Bursaphelenchus expansin-like genes are expressed solely in the pharyngeal gland cells, implying a role in the host-parasite interaction, most likely in assisting migration through the plant. Some G. rostochiensis and root-knot nematode expansins are composed of a carbohydrate-binding domain coupled to an expansin domain but no carbohydrate binding domain is present on any of the Bursaphelenchus sequences. We suggest a model for evolution of the expansin gene family within the plant-parasitic nematodes of the Tylenchida and Aphelenchida.

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Parasitism Genes Expressed in the Esophageal Gland Cells of the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingli Gao ◽  
R. Allen ◽  
Tom Maier ◽  
Eric L. Davis ◽  
Thomas J. Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Esophageal Gland ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Parasitism Genes ◽  
Dorsal Gland

Cloning parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the esophageal gland cells is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) with the microaspirated contents from Heterodera glycines esophageal gland cells and intestinal region was used to isolate genes expressed preferentially in the gland cells of parasitic stages. Twenty-three unique cDNA sequences from a SSH cDNA library were identified and hybridized to the genomic DNA of H. glycines in Southern blots. Full-length cDNAs of 21 clones were obtained by screening a gland-cell long-distance polymerase chain reaction cDNA library. Deduced proteins of 10 clones were preceded by a signal peptide for secretion, and PSORT II computer analysis predicted eight proteins as extracellular, one as nuclear, and one as plasmalemma localized. In situ hybridization showed that four of the predicted extracellular clones were expressed specifically in the dorsal gland cell, one in the subventral gland cells, and three in the intestine in H. glycines. The predicted nuclear clone and the plasmalemma-localized clone were expressed in the subventral gland cells and the dorsal gland cell, respectively. SSH is an efficient method for cloning putative parasitism genes encoding esophageal gland cell secretory proteins that may have a role in H. glycines parasitism of soybean.

scholarly journals Six mouse alpha-tubulin mRNAs encode five distinct isotypes: testis-specific expression of two sister genes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2409-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Villasante ◽  
D Wang ◽  
P Dobner ◽  
P Dolph ◽  
S A Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duplication Event ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Translational Initiation ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Tubulin Isotypes ◽  
Tubulin Isotype ◽  
Genes Encoding

Five mouse alpha-tubulin isotypes are described, each distinguished by the presence of unique amino acid substitutions within the coding region. Most, though not all of these isotype-specific amino acids, are clustered at the carboxy terminus. One of the alpha-tubulin isotypes described is expressed exclusively in testis and is encoded by two closely related genes (M alpha 3 and M alpha 7) which have homologous 3' untranslated regions but which differ at multiple third codon positions and in their 5' untranslated regions. We show that a subfamily of alpha-tubulin genes encoding the same testis-specific isotype also exists in humans. Thus, we conclude that the duplication event leading to a pair of genes encoding a testis-specific alpha-tubulin isotype predated the mammalian radiation, and both members of the duplicated sequence have been maintained since species divergence. A second alpha-tubulin gene, M alpha 6, is expressed ubiquitously at a low level, whereas a third gene, M alpha 4, is unique in that it does not encode a carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue. This gene yields two transcripts: a 1.8-kilobase (kb) mRNA that is abundant in muscle and a 2.4-kb mRNA that is abundant in testis. Whereas the 1.8-kb mRNA encodes a distinct alpha-tubulin isotype, the 2.4-kb mRNA is defective in that the methionine residue required for translational initiation is missing. Patterns of developmental expression of the various alpha-tubulin isotypes are presented. Our data support the view that individual tubulin isotypes are capable of conferring functional specificity on different kinds of microtubules.

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