The Limits and Contradictions of Agricultural Technology in Latin America: Lessons from Mexico and Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Lorena Acosta Reveles
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Agricultural Structure ◽  
Post War ◽  
Pampas Region

Abstract Based on a collective research project designed to analyze the links between scientific and technological production, development and democracy in Latin America, this paper deals with the performance of the agrarian economy under conditions of scant internally generated technology. We begin by acknowledging that this resource has historically been imported. We frame the objective of analysis in terms of assessing its economic and social implications through an empirical approach to the process of technological diffusion. Two representative experiences of the agricultural structure are examined in the region, namely, peasant productive units in Mexico and capitalist enterprises on the Argentine plains. For the former, we look at the post-war era, examining the content of the technological package contained in the green revolution and its repercussions. In the latter case, we look at present-day agro-business and analyze the propagation of the transgenic soybean known as “Roundup Ready” in the pampas region. In both cases, we consider the positive and negative characteristics within the productive and macroeconomic order, including impact on employment, environment, and social welfare.

Latin America and the League of Nations

1926 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Percy Alvin Martin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treaty Of Versailles ◽  
Post War ◽  
International Status

To students of international relations it has become almost a commonplace that among the most significant and permanent results of the World War has been the changed international status of the republics of Latin America. As a result of the war and post-war developments in these states, the traditional New World isolation in South America, as well as in North America, is a thing of the past. To our leading sister republics is no longer applicable the half-contemptuous phrase, current in the far-off days before 1914, that Latin America stands on the margin of international life. The new place in the comity of nations won by a number of these states is evidenced—to take one of the most obvious examples—by the raising of the legations of certain non-American powers to the rank of embassies, either during or immediately after the war. In the case of Brazil, for instance, where prior to 1914 only the United States maintained an ambassador, at the present time Great Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, and Japan maintain diplomatic representatives of this rank.Yet all things considered one of the most fruitful developments in the domain of international relations has been the share taken by our southern neighbors in the work of the League of Nations. All of the Latin American republics which severed relations with Germany or declared war against that country were entitled to participate in the Peace Conference. As a consequence, eleven of these states affixed their signatures to the Treaty of Versailles, an action subsequently ratified in all cases except Ecuador.

Industrial Exports and Peronist Economic Policies in Post-War Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO BELINI
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article studies the growth and decline of Argentine exports of manufactured goods during the 1940s and 1950s. In a context that was favourable due to the global scarcity of manufactured goods, Argentine industry managed to sell its products in several foreign markets, especially in Latin America, during the Second World War. In the post-war period, however, exports declined and returned to the levels of the 1930s. After 1950 the Peronist administration again tried to stimulate exports through the use of various incentives, but they did not revive. The article examines the reasons for this decline, the role played by the economic, commercial and industrial policies of the Peronist era, and the problems that Argentine industry faced in remaining competitive. Based on this analysis, the paper questions the interpretation that argues that exporting manufactured goods was a viable path for development for import substitution industrialisation countries in the post-war world. In this respect the paper contributes to the discussion of different paths towards economic development in Latin America.

scholarly journals From the Thirties to post-war reconstruction. The Land Reclamation Consortia and rural architecture in Italy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Luca Monica ◽  
Luca Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Operational Aspects

This investigation highlights a new conception of design space in architecture, in the relationship between settlement and land, rooted in architectural historical studies and research on rural and agrarian economy and unlocks a potential regeneration and restoration of the rural villages of Italy’s cultural heritage. In Italy, the theme of rural architecture has gained momentum ever since the spread of the Modern Movement, reviving settlement and spatial principles as a moral lesson for the general development of new aesthetics and a new society. Innovative concepts inspired by Arrigo Serpieri such as “Integral Land Reclamation”, and long-standing institutions such as the Land Reclamation Consortia, became official law in 1933, and played a crucialrole in this process, particularly in consolidating new architectural thinking that was to endure up to post-war reconstruction and beyond, until our own times. Paradoxically, ideologically opposing phenomena, settlements related to the extensive land reclamation of the Fascist period and the rural redevelopment of the Fifties, were somehow based on comparable theoretical and operational aspects. We can recognize these ideas by looking at the most interesting experiments developed in these two periods: the city of Sabaudia designed by Piccinato, and the village of La Martella at Matera designed by Quaroni (and sponsored by Adriano Olivetti). The quest for a new “moral aesthetic” of architecture undertaken by leading representatives of Italian Rationalism was to re-emerge in the neorealism of post-war reconstruction.

scholarly journals The Road from Prosperity into the Crisis: The Long Cycle of Post-War Economic, Social and Political Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Stephan Schulmeister
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Post War

AbstractThis chapter provides an empirically founded reconstruction of the long road of (Western) societies into the present crisis as a background for the different studies carried out as part of the Jean Monnet Network “Crisis–Equity–Democracy for Europe and Latin America”.

Developments in Agricultural Technology

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 767-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Stone
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cereal Yields

The essential ingredients of land-augmenting technical change, required by most developing countries in Asia, have been delineated by Professor Ishikawa and traced during earlier periods for India, Japan, Taiwan and Mainland China. Among all the indicators associated with progress in agricultural development, only three are indispensable to rapid and prolonged growth in yields at the initial stage: improved water control; abundant supplies of fertilizers; and high-yielding seed varieties responsive to these inputs. While the introduction of one or more of these three normally provides some growth in average yields, there are much greater returns when all three are applied appropriately. These are the fundamental ingredients of the “green revolution,” which has provided rapid growth in cereal yields throughout most of Asia and elsewhere in the developing world.

New agricultural technology and smallfarmers in Latin America

Food Policy ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Sanders ◽  
John K. Lynam
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Agricultural Technology
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