The Dynamics of Security Sector Reform in Liberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tarequl Islam
Keyword(s):  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
The People ◽  
Private Military Companies ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Space ◽  
Liberal Peacebuilding

Abstract Security Sector Reform (ssr) is one of the key mechanisms of the UN norms of liberal peacebuilding. After the end of a 14-year-long civil war, ssr in Liberia has faced enormous challenges but opened a new space for peace and democracy for the people. Under the comprehensive supervision of the USA, two private military companies, DynCorp International and Pacific Architects and Engineers (pae), have played a pivotal role in army reform. Alternatively, unmil has been involved in police reform, which has not been considered successful enough. Furthermore, this study has observed that before ssr, disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (ddr) was not properly managed, which has had a pessimistic impact on ssr. The study has also found that the reformed army and police have been strongly criticised due to a lack of local ownership and citizen oversight, gender inequality, and poor democratic control. Nevertheless, beyond its limitations, the study shows that ssr has achieved a mixture of success in the current security, stability and peace in Liberia.

Crime, Cults, and Informal Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
Kemi Okenyodo
Keyword(s):  
Security Architecture ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Informal Groups

This chapter looks at the evolution of informal security actors in Nigeria, their scope of operations, and how they seem to be changing the face of the security architecture in the country. Key changes include: the expanding space of operations in view of new insecurity challenges and ineffective responses to the security needs of the people by the formal security actors; a syncretic relationship between the formal and the informal security actors within the country’s security framework; and the political implications of informal groups for security sector reform, decentralization, and other possible ways forward. The chapter takes a critical look at informal policing actors in the different parts of the country (specifically at their mode of recruitment, funding sources, mode of operations, and gender representation), and the opportunities that exist for them going forward in the national security architecture.

Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Post Conflict

AbstractSecurity sector reform — including police reform — has been an important element in international programmes in many post-conflict and so-called 'fragile' states. In Central Asian states — mostly ruled by authoritarian regimes — the OSCE has been engaged in a variety of programmes to help reform the police, which have often been accused of abuses of human rights. There has been a significant police assistance programme in Kyrgyzstan, and smaller initiatives and activities have been implemented in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Most of these initiatives have failed to achieve their objectives; in certain cases they may have had a negative impact on the OSCE's credibility in the region as an organization that promotes a comprehensive view of security, including attention to human rights and civil liberties. The article suggests that external assistance to the security sector in authoritarian political systems poses particularly difficult challenges, if there is no parallel process of political democratisation. In addition, a complex relationship between state security forces and organised crime poses additional challenges to police reform programmes. The article suggests that the OSCE might usefully review its policies to improve its effectiveness in this area and to ensure that its approach remains consistent with its basic principles.

MODERNIZATION OF THE MOLDOVA’S SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS

Moldoscopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Stercul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses the national security system as an integral part of the state, which is exposed to modernization processes. The security sector reform paradigm is based on the principles of democratic control, transparency and good governance. The process of modernization of the Moldova’s security system aims to create secure environment, prevent security risks tha treats and rule of law. The last decade the Republic of Moldova in the framework of the Eastern Partnership has been working to achieve progress in security sector reform – a review of security legislation and national defense; institutional reform; consultations with EU on Common Security Defense Policy; cooperation with Europol, the European Center for Monitoring Drugs, the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO); elaboration measures in the context of reintegration process to putthe Transnistrian region in the legal field of the Republic of Moldova. The geopolitical factor has strong influence to the modernization process and reforms in the Republic of Moldova. The contradictions of geopolitical interests create additional difficulties and hinder the security sector reform.

scholarly journals A New Frame? Transforming Policing through Guarantees of Non-Repetition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne McGonigle Leyh
Keyword(s):  
Policy Framework ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
Police Studies ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

Abstract Using qualitative legal scholarship, combined with literature analysis from post-conflict peacebuilding and police studies, this article provides a normative and theoretical lens through which police and other actors can view and carry out reform efforts. It explores whether and how the concept of guarantees of non-repetition could contribute to or reframe discussions in order to prevent future violence and facilitate lasting institutional changes. The article examines the development of a broader approach to security sector reform and explores guarantees of non-repetition and the conceptual confusion it has encountered. It teases out the main aspects of guarantees of non-repetition, including its human rights elements, such as due diligence obligations. Finally, it addresses how guarantees of non-repetition provide a normative institutional policy framework that offers the possibility to shift the rhetoric to focus on State obligations that are context-driven. As a result, guarantees of non-repetition could prove useful when addressing police reform.

scholarly journals From Security Sector Reform to Endemic Corruption: The Case of Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Yasa
Keyword(s):  
National Defense ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
The People ◽  
Building Process ◽  
National Police ◽  
The U.S

Corruption and insecurity are reinforcing each other. It can hinder the democratic processes and jeopardize the security sector through creating corrupt administrative systems, manipulation of contracts and procurement. After the decomposition of the Taliban in 2001, the U.S.-led coalition carried out Security Sector Reform (SSR) to (re) construct the Afghan National Police (ANP) and Afghan National Army (ANA) together known as Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). Over critical literature, there are serious critiques concerning the U.S. and its allies’ scrimmage for their role in conducting the SSR in Afghanistan. The research argues that the lack of a long-term strategic vision for conducting SSR as part of the state-building process by the international community was a critical challenge. This crux has further been exacerbated by the privatization of SSR and the contrast between the U.S. and its European allies on the role of the police. This dichotomy affected the anti-corruption and law enforcement potentials of police, which resulted in the present crisis. Additionally, this research figures out that insufficient oversight of contracts and procurement, training and advising processes of the ANDSF gave more room for misappropriation, theft, and fraud by both the local and international contractors. Finally, all these shortfalls together with constant turnover have undermined the counterinsurgency efforts of Afghan forces on the ground. Therefore, endless military operation without any tangible results has wearied the people, and further added fodder to the terrorist propaganda machine.

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