Two new Pseudephedrus Starý, aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) associated with Nothofagus in South America. With notes on the continental drift

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nothofagus Obliqua

AbstractPseudephedrus chilensis n.sp., a parasite of Neuquenaphis schlingeri H. R. Lambers on Nothofagus obliqua, and P. lambersi n.sp., a parasite of N. similis H. R. Lambers on Nothofagus pumilo in South America are described. A key to the ♀♀ of the three known species of Pseudephedrus is provided. Taxonomical affinities, distribution, and host range of the aphidiid genera Parephedrus Starý & Carver, 1971, Pseudephedrus Starý, 1972, and Vanhartenia Starý & v. Harten, 1972 are examined and discussed. These aphidiids are found to be specific parasites of ancient Callaphidid aphids, viz. Sensoriaphis furcifera in South Australia, Neolizerius acunai Holman in Cuba, Neuquenaphis spp. in Chile, and Paoliella monotuberculata in West Africa, respectively. The distribution of the aphids could be connected with Gondwanaland, and thus the aphidiids possibly provide further evidence of continental drift and for the former existence of such a continent.

Wegener's South America–Africa Assembly, Fit or Misfit?

1955 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Warren Carey
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Careful Check ◽  
Rigorous Method

AbstractA statement by Jeffreys that the Wegener fit of South America and Africa is a misfit of 15° has been widely quoted and accepted. However, careful check by any rigorous method will show that these continents do in fact fit together as precisely as their forms can be defined. Whether continental drift be true or false, this argument against it must be abandoned.

Monilochaetes infuscans. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilochaetes infuscans Halsted ex Harter. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Israel, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, US Trust Terr., Europe, Portugal, Azores, North America, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil.

Listronotus bonariensis. [Distribution map].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) Coleoptera: Curculionidae Attacks Lolium spp. and other pasture grasses and cereals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand.

Podospora excentrica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Podospora excentrica. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia)), New Zealand, Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)).

Tilletia contraversa. [Distribution map].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Tilletia contraversa Kuhn. Hosts: Wheat (Triticum), barley (Hordeum) and other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Alma-ata, Armenia, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Kirghizia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Tadshikistan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, Siberia, Stavropol, Moldavia, Crimea, Rostov, Voronezh, Syria, Turkey, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Europe, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New York, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, NW states, California, Idaho, Indiana, Montana, New York, Oregon, Utah, South America, Argentina, Uruguay.

Paratrichodorus teres. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Paratrichodorus Teres

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Paratrichodorus teres (Hooper) Siddiqi. Enoplea: Dorylaimida: Trichodoridae. Hosts: sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera), potato (Solanum tuberosum), onion (Allium cepa) and various bulbs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa), Asia (Iran), Europe (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Canary Islands, Sweden, United Kingdom, England), North America (United States, Florida, Oregon, Washington), Oceania (Australia, South Australia), South America (Chile).

scholarly journals Endemicity analysis of global Cretaceous dinosaurian faunas

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Holtz
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Herbivore Communities

It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western North America and the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China represent “typical” Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate communities. This assumption has led to a paleoecological scenario in which a global ecological shift occurs from the dominance of high-browsing saurischian (i.e., sauropod) to low-browsing ornithischian (i.e., iguanodontian, marginocephalian, ankylosaurian) herbivore communities. Furthermore, the assumption that the Asiamerican dinosaur faunas are communities “typical” of the Late Cretaceous has forced the conclusion that the sauropod-dominated Argentine population must have been an isolated relict ecosystem of primitive taxa (i.e., titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid ceratosaurs). Recent discoveries and reinterpretations of other Late Cretaceous assemblages, however, seriously challenge these assumptions.Paleogeography and paleobiogeography have demonstrated that terrestrial landmasses became progressively fractionated from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian), owing to continental drift and the development of large epicontinental seas (the Western Interior Seaway, the Turgai Sea, etc.). The Maastrichtian regressions resulted in the reestablishment of land connection between long isolated regions (for example, western and eastern North America). These geographic changes are reflected in changes in the dinosaurian faunas. These assemblages were rather cosmopolitan in the Late Jurassic (Morrison, Tendaguru, and Upper Shaximiao Formations) but became more provincialized throughout the Cretaceous.Cluster analysis of presence/absence data for the theropod, sauropod, and ornithischian clades indicates that previous assumptions for Late Cretaceous dinosaurian paleoecology are largely in error. These analyses instead suggest that sauropod lineages remained a major faunal component in both Laurasia (Europe, Asia) and Gondwana (South America, Africa, India, and Australia). Only the pre-Maastrichtian Senonian deposits of North America were lacking sauropodomorphs. Furthermore, the abelisaurid/titanosaurid fauna of Argentina is, in fact, probably more typical of Late Cretaceous dinosaurian communities. Rather, it is the coelurosaurian/ornithischian communities of Asiamerica (and particularly North America) that are composed primarily of dinosaurs of small geographic distribution. Thus, the Judithian, Edmontonian, and Lancian faunas, rather than being typical of the Late Cretaceous, most likely represent an isolated island-continent terrestrial vertebrate population, perhaps analogous to the extremely isolated vertebrate communities of Tertiary South America. Furthermore, the shift from high-browsing to low-browsing herbivore “dynasties” more likely represents a local event in Senonian North America and does not represent a global paleoecological transformation of Late Cretaceous dinosaur community structure.

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