Helene Carrere d'Encausse. Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Central Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988. xix, 267 pp. $40.00.

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Paul B. Henze
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Author(s):  
MURIEL ATKIN

This book focuses on the cultural dimensions of the Central Asian form of an Islamic modernist movement, Jadidism, which arose among several groups of Muslims of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Politics was not an option for the Jadidists until the final years of the czarist monarchy and the early revolutionary period, so the author relegates that aspect of the movement to the later chapters. To the extent that involvement in politics in Russia became possible, Central Asian Jadidists sought to participate, not to pursue either isolationism or separatism. According to the author, Russian officials were the ones who mistakenly assumed that Jadidism posed a separatist threat; subsequent generations of scholars misperceived the movement through the lens of those fears. The author argues that culture is a significant dimension of the movement in its own right. It mattered in Central Asia both in the rivalry between the Jadidists and traditionalists for leadership of the region's Muslims and as a way for educated Muslims to preserve their distinctiveness within the Russian Empire.


1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Edward Allworth ◽  
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse ◽  
Quintin Hoare ◽  
Helene Carrere d'Encausse

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Altaf Ullah ◽  
Akhtar Rasool Bodla

Mankind is witnessed to the fact that imperialism has been exhibiting in human history in many forms since long. Subjugation was the earliest form of it where in an empire overpowered an alien society, exploited its land, raw material and subjected it to the service of the superior authority. A similar formula of exploiting the land and people of Central Asia has been assumed by the Russian Imperial power during the nineteenth century. The imperial move of Russia towards this region was considered as the ultimate consequence of a continuous process of expansion of the Russian Empire. This expansionist drive of Russia into the region has been attributed to several factors such as political, military, strategic and above all the economic factor is believed to be the dominant one. The conquest provided the Russian Tsars a golden opportunity to hold their control over a vast area of striking geographic and human diversity. The motives behind this conquest were multidimensional, interrelated and complex. During this process of expansion, the state of Khiva was the first priority of the Russian Empire while materializing their future programme and policies. Though the Empire had already attempted to occupy the state, yet it could not get success prior to 1873. The importance of Khiva cannot be ignored while dealing with the question of Russian conquest of Central Asia in general and Khiva in particular.


Author(s):  
Jumaniyazov Damir Quatbaevich ◽  
◽  
Toreniyazova Dilfuza Kulametovna ◽  
Berdibekov Muhammed Konysbaevich ◽  
◽  
...  

Studying history, we see that the political practices and methods of government used by countries have their own characteristics. The article examines the intentions of the Russian Empire to invade Central Asia.


Author(s):  
Б.О. Куценко

В статье анализируется военно-политическая ситуация, сложившаяся на территории Памира и в приграничных землях в период c 1885 по 1902 год. Проблемы, связанные с обострением англо-русского соперничества в Центральной Азии, как и с попытками держав установить свой контроль над пограничными территориями Туркестана, включая ханства Дарваз, Читрал, Рошан и другие, не потеряли своей актуальности в силу их недостаточной изученности. Наличие значительного числа белых пятен в освещении механизмов военно-политического давления на туземное население со стороны Российской и Британской империй, не позволяет в полной мере представить действительное состояние дел в Припамирье, без которого сложно оценить развитие международных отношений конца XIX — начала XX века в целом. На основе архивных документов, ряд из которых впервые вводится в научный оборот, предпринят анализ практических шагов британской и российской дипломатии в отношении пограничных азиатских ханств. Содержание архивных документов позволяет сделать вывод, что политика Великобритании и Российской империи в регионе Памира во многом была обусловлена стратегическими интересами держав как части глобальной политики по установлению своего влияния в регионе Центральной Азии. Автор приходит к выводу, что изменения в балансе военно-стратегического противостояния в регионе, произошедшие на рубеже XIX–XX веков, несли реальную угрозу прямого военного столкновения Российской и Британской империй, что могло стать прологом мировой войны. Несмотря на материальные потери, понесенные Великобританией в период решения памирского вопроса, британская дипломатия сумела извлечь выгоду из своего поражения, превратив памирский вопрос в инструмент давления на Петербург, что ограничило самостоятельность Российской империи при решении проблем в Юго-Восточной Азии и на Дальнем Востоке. The article analyzes the military and political situation in the Pamirs and adjacent regions in the period of 1885–1902. Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia and the countriesʼ attempts to establish control over the territories adjacent to Turkestan (including the Darvaz Khanate, the Chitral Khanate, the Roshan Khanate and other territories) remain largely underinvestigated, and therefore, relevant. The mechanisms of military and political influence exerted by the Russian Empire and the British Empire on the indigenous population of the Pamir region have never been subjected to rigorous analysis. Hence, we cannot properly assess the real situation in the Pamirs, nor can we appreciate the development of international relations in the late 19th — early 20thcenturies. The analysis of previously unstudied archival materials enables the author to investigate practical measures adopted by British and Russian diplomats in relation to the Pamir and the adjoining khanates. The analysis of archival documents enables the author to conclude that the political strategies of both Britain and Russia were largely predetermined by the necessity to establish their dominance over Central Asia. The author concludes that the change in the military and strategic balance in the region at the turn of the 19th– 20th centuries threatened to trigger off an open confrontation between the British Empire and the Russian Empire and could eventually lead to the global military conflict. Despite military losses sustained by Great Britain in an attempt to resolve the Pamir dispute, British diplomats managed to achieve gains by transforming the Pamir dispute into a tool of exerting influence over Russia, which significantly limited the influence of the Russian Empire in Southeast Asia and in the Far East.


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