Studies of the Dispersed Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol and Its Relationship with Small Gas Impurities in the Near-Water Layer of Lake Baikal Based on the Results of Ship Measurements in the Summer of 2020

The atmosphere over Lake Baikal covers a vast area (31,500 square meters) and has more significant differences in the composition and variability of gaseous and aerosol components in atmospheric air than in coastal continental areas and is still a poorly studied object. In recent years, the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal has been increasing due to the development of industry in the region, the expansion of tourist infrastructure and recreational areas of the coastal zone of the lake. In addition, one of the significant sources of atmospheric pollution in the Baikal region is the emissions of smoke aerosol and trace gases from forest fires, the number of which is increasing in the region. This article presents the results of experimental studies of the dispersed composition of aerosols and gas impurities, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides during route ship measurements in the water area of Lake Baikal in the summer of 2020.

Ice Cover, Subglacial Landscape, and Estimation of Bottom Melting of Mac. Robertson, Princess Elizabeth, Wilhelm II, and Western Queen Mary Lands, East Antarctica

This study demonstrates the results of Russian airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) investigations and also seismic reflection soundings carried out in 1971–2020 over a vast area of coastal part of East Antarctica. It is the first comprehensive summary mapping of these data. Field research, equipment, errors of initial RES data, and methods of gridding are discussed. Ice thickness, ice base elevation, and bedrock topography are presented. The ice thickness across the research area varies from a few meters to 3620 m, and is greatest in the local subglacial depressions. The average thickness is about 1220 m. The total volume of the ice is about 710,500 km3. The bedrock heights vary from 2860 m below sea level in the ocean bathyal zone to 2040 m above sea level in the Grove Mountains area (4900 m relief). The main directions of the bedrock orographic forms are concentrated mostly in three intervals: 345∘–30∘, 45∘–70∘, and 70∘–100∘. The bottom melting rate was estimated on the basis of the simple Zotikov model. Total annual melting under the study area is about 0.633 cubic meters. The total annual melting in the study area is approximately 1.5 mm/yr.

Unusual long & short spell of fog conditions over Delhi and northern plains of India during December-January, 2009-2010

Sheet of fog is a common scenario during December-January months, which not only occurs in northern India but also in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Maximum fog frequency is noticed in Delhi and adjoining areas. This also affected the maximum temperature during January 1969-88, it varied between 20.6-21.5° C and during 2005 it was 18.9° C and 19.03° C during 2010. Formation of fog and its sustainability mainly depends upon surface wind, relative humidity, minimum temperature and persistency. Maximum dense fog was 285, 190 and 176 hours in 1998-99, 2002-03 and in 2009-10 respectively. During the month of January 2010 there were 5 western disturbances which enhanced the moisture over northern India, surface wind speed remained around 5 kt or less. Inversion in lower levels and freezing level has also been taken into consideration. No significant relation was found between fog and freezing level. However, inversion layer played an important role in formation of fog. Visible satellite imageries have also been taken into consideration to monitor fog over vast area of northern India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Recent Advances in Additive Manufacturing of High Entropy Alloys and Their Nuclear and Wear-Resistant Applications

Alloying has been very common practice in materials engineering to fabricate metals of desirable properties for specific applications. Traditionally, a small amount of the desired material is added to the principal metal. However, a new alloying technique emerged in 2004 with the concept of adding several principal elements in or near equi-atomic concentrations. These are popularly known as high entropy alloys (HEAs) which can have a wide composition range. A vast area of this composition range is still unexplored. The HEAs research community is still trying to identify and characterize the behaviors of these alloys under different scenarios to develop high-performance materials with desired properties and make the next class of advanced materials. Over the years, understanding of the thermodynamics theories, phase stability and manufacturing methods of HEAs has improved. Moreover, HEAs have also shown retention of strength and relevant properties under extreme tribological conditions and radiation. Recent progresses in these fields are surveyed and discussed in this review with a focus on HEAs for use under extreme environments (i.e., wear and irradiation) and their fabrication using additive manufacturing.

Arctic Drama to Sámi Theatre – Cultural Clashes Towards Decolonisation: In Shared Dialogic Spaces

Summary This article deals with the concept of Arctic Drama, which is about how there is a relationship between drama and cultural clashes in the perspective of shared cultures in the northern Scandinavian area, which is defined as arctic in the geographical sense. In this vast area the Sámi people historically and to the present day have been living from reindeer herding in a nomadic lifestyle, giving them a close relationship to nature. Norwegians and Swedes colonised this area historically, especially the coast for fishing.There have been strong cultural clashes since the Viking ages, but colonisation mainly started later by introducing Christianity by force in the 16th century. Since the Romantic age, these ethno-cultural clashes have been reflected in drama and theatre, and some plays by Henrik Ibsen and Knut Hamsun echo these tensions. An independent theatre of the Sámi people as well as of other indigenous people in Greenland and Canada, like the Inuits, would also develop some theatrical strategies based in a dramaturgy that could be described as a “spiral dramaturgy”. Cultural independence has contributed to a decolonisation process, contributing to even out the cultural clashes in theatre and drama, which could be defined as postcolonial towards decolonisation. This article focuses on the area of arctic Scandinavia.

Racism in the everyday life of Finnish children with transnational roots

In the vast area of studies of racism children’s experiences have been overlooked. Questions of racism are often related to immigrants and their children, but in many European countries increasing numbers of children of mixed parentage, as well as children adopted from other continents, confront racism. My ethnographic study of racism in the everyday lives of Finnish children with “transnational roots” focuses on the experiences of transnational adoptees and those young Finnish citizens who have one Finnish-born parent, but whose Finnishness and right to belong is often questioned by others because of their parental ties to other countries and nations. This article explores the different manifestations of racism in their daily lives and concludes with a discussion of the importance of identifying those social and culturalfactors which make it especially difficult for children to talk about and deal with their experiences of racism.

Studies on the impact of external fire on the lye of the shelter housing

Purpose: The presented article presents a numerical analysis carried out to determine the impact of an external fire taking place on the surface of the ground on the level of stress of the trench shelter casing protected by a layer of soil. Design/methodology/approach: Numerical analysis was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a quasi-stationary distribution of the initial temperature in the centre of the ground and the shelter casing was sought. In the second stage of the analysis, the effect of the fire was considered according to the profile of time changes in the temperature of the shelter object. Findings: We assume that the trench shelter is in an oblong shape, and the fire extends over a vast area. The area surrounding the shelter casing was treated as a material with average constant thermodynamic values. Research limitations/implications: The process related to heating and cooling the enclosure was described on the basis of the Fourier equation on heat conduction in terms of the heterogeneous nature of the material, primer and concrete. Practical implications: The use of the trench shelter model as a research element in the design of special objects. Originality/value: The methods of non-stationary temperature flow through the ground and the shelter casing used, allows for a very realistic indication of how the housing will behave under the influence of high temperature caused by an external fire. The article can be useful for designers who design underground shelters.

The measurement of food and nutrition security situation in Indonesia

An appropriate analysis of the food security situation influences the decision-making and even planning of targeted intervention. Considering Indonesia’s vast area and different characteristics of each region, information on the food security situation for each region is needed for policy intervention. This paper conducted a composite analysis to obtain the food security situation of 416 districts in Indonesia. The weighting approach of nine indicators represented the three subsystems of food security, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization, was used for food security situation analysis. Of 416 districts, 81 were classified into food vulnerable region-based one a set of cut-off points used for districts classification. These vulnerable food regions were mainly characterized by the ratio between food production and normative consumption, the percentage of people living under the poverty line, and the prevalence of stunting. The information on vulnerable food regions and their underlying factors can be used as a basis for program intervention and policy formulation for food security in Indonesia. The program designed for food vulnerability alleviation should be located in the vulnerable food area and targeted to reduce those three underlying factors causing food vulnerability.

MESIN PENCACAH DAUN DAN PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK PETERNAK SAPI DI DESA PANCAR GADING KECAMATAN TAPUNG KABUPATEN KAMPAR - RIAU

Animal feed such as cattle is not only made from grass, animal feed can also be produced from palm leaves. The vast area of ​​oil palm plantations in Riau in general and in Kampar in particular, has not been used optimally for animal feed. The Merpati Putih Foundation, which is located in Pancar Gading Village, Tapung District, Kampar Regency, Riau, has 600 cattle. Cattle feed is received by farmers from farmers who weed every day, but the feed collected by farmers always does not meet the required cattle feed, so a solution to this problem is needed. The service activity carried out is to provide a solution in the form of a feed chopper machine that can chop palm leaves and sheaths into animal feed so that the need for animal feed is no longer a problem. To meet the required animal feed, a chopper machine with a large capacity is needed. The chopper that will be provided is made with a capacity of 4,000 to 5,000 kg per hour where the feed chopper uses a Mitsubishi PS 100 engine, which is a machine that is durable and easy to maintain. The chopping machine will be used by two partners at once, namely farmers as suppliers of animal feed and farmers as cattle owners. From the results of the activities carried out, it is hoped that farmers and ranchers will get an increase in their respective production results, namely adequate feed with easily obtained raw materials, namely abundant palm oil and for farmers, namely fat and healthy cows so that they get a high selling price. Keywords: Enumeration Machine, Animal Feed, Breeder, Cow, Kampar. Abstrak Pakan ternak seperti sapi tidak saja dari rumput, pakan ternak juga dapat dihasilkan dari daun sawit. Luasnya area perkebunan sawit di Riau secara umum dan di Kampar secara khusus, belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk pakan ternak. Yayasan Merpati Putih yang berada di Desa Pancar Gading Kecamatan Tapung Kabupaten Kampar, Riau memiliki 600 an ternak sapi. Pakan sapi diterima peternak dari petani yang menyiang rumput setiap harinya, namun pakan yang dikumpulkan petani selalu saja belum memenuhi pakan ternak sapi yang dibutuhkan, sehingga perlu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah memberikan solusi yaitu berupa mesin pencacah pakan yang dapat mencacah daun dan pelapah sawit menjadi pakan ternak sehingga kebutuhan pakan ternak tidak lagi menjadi masalah. Untuk memenuhi pakan ternah yang dibutuhkan maka dibutuhkan mesin pencacah dengan kapasitas yang besar. Mesin pencacah yang akan diberikan dibuat dengan kapasitas 4.000 sampai dengan 5.000 kg per jam dimana mesin pencacah pakan tersebut menggunakan mesin mitsubishi PS 100 yaitu mesin yang awet dan mudah perawatannya. Mesin pencacah akan dimanfaatkan oleh dua mitra sekaligus yaitu petani sebagai pemasok pakan ternak dan peternak sebagai pemilik sapi. Dari hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan, diharapkan petani dan peternak mendapatkan peningkatan hasil produksinya masing – masing yaitu pakan yang berkecukupan dengan bahan baku yang mudah diperoleh yaitu sawit yang berlimpah dan bagi peternak yaitu sapi yang gemuk dan sehat sehingga mendapatkan harga jual yang tinggi. Kata kunci: Mesin Pencacah, Pakan Ternak, Peternak, Sapi, Kampar.

Digital Accessibility in the Asia-Pacific Region

The Asia-Pacific or APAC region covers a vast area of great linguistic, cultural, geographic, and economic diversity and is home to over 65% of the world’s population with disabilities. While many of the accessibility challenges are common and include prioritization, lack of awareness, affordability, availability, infrastructure, language, and training, there are also wide regional differences in areas such as resources, infrastructure, development, policy, and accessibility of technologies and content across APAC countries. This chapter seeks to give a regional overview of digital accessibility by utilizing the DARE Index to analyze gaps in implementing digital accessibility policies in the region, and then reviewing four country case studies (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka).