Linguistic diversification as a long-term effect of asymmetric priming

Abstract This paper tries to narrow the gap between diachronic linguistics and research on population dynamics by presenting a mathematical model corroborating the notion that the cognitive mechanism of asymmetric priming can account for observable tendencies in language change. The asymmetric-priming hypothesis asserts that items with more substance are more likely to prime items with less substance than the reverse. Although these effects operate on a very short time scale (e.g. within an utterance) it has been argued that their long-term effect might be reductionist, unidirectional processes in language change. In this paper, we study a mathematical model of the interaction of linguistic items that differ in their formal substance, showing that, in addition to reductionist effects, asymmetric priming also results in diversification and stable coexistence of two formally related variants. The model will be applied to phenomena in the sublexical as well as the lexical domain.

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Mathematical modelling and application of frog choruses as an autonomous distributed communication system

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.181117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 181117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ikkyu Aihara ◽

Daichi Kominami ◽

Yasuharu Hirano ◽

Masayuki Murata

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Time Scale ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Multiple Time Scales ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time

Interactions using various sensory cues produce sophisticated behaviour in animal swarms, e.g. the foraging behaviour of ants and the flocking of birds and fish. Here, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms of frog choruses from the viewpoints of mathematical modelling and its application. Empirical data on male Japanese tree frogs demonstrate that (1) neighbouring male frogs avoid call overlaps with each other over a short time scale and (2) they collectively switch between the calling state and the silent state over a long time scale. To reproduce these features, we propose a mathematical model in which separate dynamical models spontaneously switch due to a stochastic process depending on the internal dynamics of respective frogs and also the interactions among the frogs. Next, the mathematical model is applied to the control of a wireless sensor network in which multiple sensor nodes send a data packet towards their neighbours so as to deliver the packet to a gateway node by multi-hop communication. Numerical simulation demonstrates that (1) neighbouring nodes can avoid a packet collision over a short time scale by alternating the timing of data transmission and (2) all the nodes collectively switch their states over a long time scale, establishing high network connectivity while reducing network power consumption. Consequently, this study highlights the unique dynamics of frog choruses over multiple time scales and also provides a novel bio-inspired technology that is applicable to the control of a wireless sensor network.

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AI and HCI: Two Fields Divided by a Common Focus

AI Magazine ◽

10.1609/aimag.v30i4.2271 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jonathan Grudin

Keyword(s):

Time Scale ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Intelligent Behavior ◽

History Of ◽

Short Time ◽

Competition For Resources

Although AI and HCI explore computing and intelligent behavior and the fields have seen some cross-over, until recently there was not very much. This article outlines a history of the fields that identifies some of the forces that kept the fields at arm’s length. AI was generally marked by a very ambitious, long-term vision requiring expensive systems, although the term was rarely envisioned as being as long as it proved to be, whereas HCI focused more on innovation and improvement of widely-used hardware within a short time-scale. These differences led to different priorities, methods, and assessment approaches. A consequence was competition for resources, with HCI flourishing in AI winters and moving more slowly when AI was in favor. The situation today is much more promising, in part because of platform convergence: AI can be exploited on widely-used systems.

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A mathematical model for long-term effect of diethylcarbamazine-albendazole mass drug administration on lymphatic filariasis

10.1063/1.4914445 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Tasman ◽

T. Supali ◽

A. K. Supriatna ◽

N. Nuraini ◽

E. Soewono

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Mass Drug Administration ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect

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Antipersistent dynamics in short time scale variability of self-potential signals

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-3644 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

V. Cuomo ◽

M. Lanfredi ◽

V. Lapenna ◽

M. Macchiato ◽

M. Ragosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Scale ◽

Order Structure ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Scale Invariant ◽

Geophysical Monitoring ◽

Scale Properties ◽

Short Time ◽

Self Potential

Time scale properties of self-potential signals are investigated through the analysis of the second order structure function (variogram), a powerful tool to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of observational data. In this work we analyse two sequences of self-potential values measured by means of a geophysical monitoring array located in a seismically active area of Southern Italy. The range of scales investigated goes from a few minutes to several days. It is shown that signal fluctuations are characterised by two time scale ranges in which self-potential variability appears to follow slightly different dynamical behaviours. Results point to the presence of fractal, non stationary features expressing a long term correlation with scaling coefficients which are the clue of stabilising mechanisms. In the scale ranges in which the series show scale invariant behaviour, self-potentials evolve like fractional Brownian motions with anticorrelated increments typical of processes regulated by negative feedback mechanisms (antipersistence). On scales below about 6 h the strength of such an antipersistence appears to be slightly greater than that observed on larger time scales where the fluctuations are less efficiently stabilised.

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DIFFUSION OF POPULATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE INDUSTRIALIZATION IN A TWIN-CITY ENVIRONMENT

Mathematical Modelling and Analysis ◽

10.3846/13926292.2004.9637253 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Dhar ◽

H. Singh

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Steady State ◽

Human Population ◽

Term Effect ◽

Steady State Distribution ◽

State Distribution ◽

Twin City ◽

City Environment ◽

Long Term Effect

A mathematical model of a living population in a twin‐city is proposed. Here populations are migrating from one place to another for their resource and settlement under the influence of industrialization. The long term effect of industrialization on the movement of human population is considered in two adjoining cities. It is shown that the steady state distribution of population is positive, continuous, monotonic and the system is stable under certain set of conditions. Further, numerical solution of the steady state distributions of population and industrialization are shown by taking particular values of the parameters.

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Long-term facilitation of phrenic nerve activity in cats: responses and short time scale correlations of medullary neurones.

The Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021158 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 490 (2) ◽

pp. 463-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

K F Morris ◽

A Arata ◽

R Shannon ◽

B G Lindsey

Keyword(s):

Phrenic Nerve ◽

Time Scale ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Nerve Activity ◽

Phrenic Nerve Activity ◽

Short Time ◽

Long Term Facilitation

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Economics Of Summer Course Scheduling

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v24i1.1361 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jess Boronico ◽

Raja Nag

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Term Effect ◽

Management Policy ◽

University Administrators ◽

Font Size ◽

Summer Period ◽

Course Scheduling ◽

Long Term Effect

This paper addresses some of the relevant issues that University administrators face when determining a policy for academic coursework offered during the summer period, and the development of a mathematical model that may be used to guide management policy. It is suggested that the economic ramification of summer course policies may not be well understood, including understanding the potential long-term effect of discounting on summer per-credit charges. An empirical example is provided to demonstrate how administrators may utilize optimization and economic principles to address summer course pricing in an imperfect and ambiguous market.

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Short.Term Reactivity Change: Xenon Effects

Fundamentals of CANDU Reactor Physics ◽

10.1115/1.884836_ch7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-79

Author(s):

Wei Shen ◽

Benjamin Rouben

Keyword(s):

Fission Product ◽

Time Scale ◽

Fission Products ◽

Fuel Burnup ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Neutron Absorption ◽

Short Time ◽

Reactivity Change

Most fission products absorb neutrons to some extent and they accumulate slowly as the fuel burnup increases, hence decrease the long-term reactivity. The neutron-absorbing fission-product xenon-135 has particular operational importance. Its concentrations can change quickly in a power maneuvre, producing major changes in neutron absorption on a relatively short-time scale (minutes).

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