Mathematical modelling and application of frog choruses as an autonomous distributed communication system

Interactions using various sensory cues produce sophisticated behaviour in animal swarms, e.g. the foraging behaviour of ants and the flocking of birds and fish. Here, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms of frog choruses from the viewpoints of mathematical modelling and its application. Empirical data on male Japanese tree frogs demonstrate that (1) neighbouring male frogs avoid call overlaps with each other over a short time scale and (2) they collectively switch between the calling state and the silent state over a long time scale. To reproduce these features, we propose a mathematical model in which separate dynamical models spontaneously switch due to a stochastic process depending on the internal dynamics of respective frogs and also the interactions among the frogs. Next, the mathematical model is applied to the control of a wireless sensor network in which multiple sensor nodes send a data packet towards their neighbours so as to deliver the packet to a gateway node by multi-hop communication. Numerical simulation demonstrates that (1) neighbouring nodes can avoid a packet collision over a short time scale by alternating the timing of data transmission and (2) all the nodes collectively switch their states over a long time scale, establishing high network connectivity while reducing network power consumption. Consequently, this study highlights the unique dynamics of frog choruses over multiple time scales and also provides a novel bio-inspired technology that is applicable to the control of a wireless sensor network.

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Energy-Aware Chaotic Communication in Wireless Sensor Network

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.536 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 367 ◽

pp. 536-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raju Dutta ◽

Shishir Gupta ◽

Mukul K. Das

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Time Behavior ◽

Nonlinear Mathematical Model ◽

Energy Aware ◽

Long Time ◽

Small Change ◽

Authentic Data

A challenging task in wireless sensor network (WSN) is to deliver authentic data between source nodes and sink nodes. The collision or dead lock occurs when two or more close nodes are attempted to send data at the same time to the others node. To avoid such dead lock situation in the network we propose a nonlinear mathematical model. The effect of nonlinearity often renders a periodic solution unstable for certain parametric choices even a very small change in initial conditions can lead to different result in chaotic systems which appears to exhibit chaos for a range of parametric values when long time behavior studied. The local stability conditions for the system have been discussed and analyzed. Numerically simulations have been carried out to study the complex behavior of the system for reasonable ranges of parameters in WSN.

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Stratified Flows over and around Long Dynamically Tall Mountain Ridges

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-18-0145.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 1265-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arjun Jagannathan ◽

Kraig Winters ◽

Laurence Armi

Keyword(s):

Time Scales ◽

Time Scale ◽

Stratified Flows ◽

Half Width ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Late Time ◽

Low Level ◽

Long Time ◽

Flow Splitting ◽

Short Time

Abstract Uniformly stratified flows approaching long and dynamically tall ridges develop two distinct flow components over disparate time scales. The fluid upstream and below a “blocking level” is stagnant in the limit of an infinite ridge and flows around the sides when the ridge extent is finite. The streamwise half-width of the obstacle at the blocking level arises as a natural inner length scale for the flow, while the excursion time over this half-width is an associated short time scale for the streamwise flow evolution. Over a longer time scale, low-level horizontal flow splitting leads to the establishment of an upstream layerwise potential flow beneath the blocking level. We demonstrate through numerical experiments that for sufficiently long ridges, crest control and streamwise asymmetry are seen on both the short and long time scales. On the short time scale, upstream blocking is established quickly and the flow is well described as a purely infinite-ridge overflow. Over the long time scale associated with flow splitting, low-level flow escapes around the sides, but the overflow continues to be hydraulically controlled and streamwise asymmetric in the neighborhood of the crest. We quantify this late-time overflow by estimating its volumetric transport and then briefly demonstrate how this approach can be extended to predict the overflow across nonuniform ridge shapes.

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Wireless Sensor Network Route Optimization Based on Improved Ant Colony-Genetic

International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v11i9.5057 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Liu ◽

Yongfeng Cui ◽

Zhongyuan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Ant Colony ◽

Route Optimization ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Mutation Operation

The objective of this paper is focuses on route optimization, for a given wireless sensor network. We detail the significance of route optimization problem and the corresponding mathematical model. After analyzing the complex multi-objective optimization problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm was introduced to search the best route. Inspired by Genetic Algorithm (GA), we embed two operations into ACO to refine it. First, every ant after achieving sink will be regarded as an individual such as that in GA. The crossover operation will be applied and then, the generated new ants will replace the weaker parents. Second, we designed a mutation operation for ants selecting next nodes to visit. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed combination algorithm has significant enhancements than both GA and ACO. The lifetime of WSN can be extended and the coverage speed can be accelerated.

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Study on Wireless Sensor Network Based on Laser Rangefinder

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2776 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 403-408 ◽

pp. 2776-2779

Author(s):

Li Wei ◽

Chen Guang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Test Point ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Laser Rangefinder ◽

Wireless Data ◽

Test Environment ◽

Wireless Data Transmission ◽

Collection Data ◽

Long Time

A system of wireless sensor network(WSN) based on laser rangefinder is studied, which adopts low power consumption ZigBee chip and SimpliciTI network protocol. 8 laser rangefinders are used to collecy the distance of the test points. The collection data is sent to upper computer by wireless data transmission module. It is rapid and real time to monitor the test point. The system can be installed in complex test environment to perform the monitor of all kinds of architecture structure. It dispenses with long time power supply and the user interface is friendly and has abundance function.

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The Analysis of Probability Detection CSMA Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Request-Response Mechanism

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3511 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 543-547 ◽

pp. 3511-3515

Author(s):

Hong Wei Ding ◽

Ying Ying Guo ◽

Jia Guo ◽

Yuan Long Chen ◽

Yi Fan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Mathematical Expression ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Response Mechanism ◽

Transmission Quality ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Mathematical Derivation

This paper presents a new MAC protocol the probability detection CSMA protocol for wireless sensor network based on the request-response mechanism. Builds the corresponding mathematical model using the average cycle method, and get the mathematical expression of systemic throughput through a rigorous mathematical derivation and makes the computer simulations. Simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the protocol; meanwhile, the protocol this paper presents increases the reliability and stability of the system through increasing RTS-CTS request-response mechanism and ACK handshake signal, thereby improving the systems transmission quality.

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On Failure Mechanisms in Flip Chip Assembly—Part 2: Optimal Underfill and Interconnecting Materials

Journal of Electronic Packaging ◽

10.1115/1.2912209 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoonchan Oh ◽

C. Steve Suh ◽

Hung-Jue Sue

Keyword(s):

Time Scale ◽

Flip Chip ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Scale Effects ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Long Time ◽

Solder Joint Fatigue ◽

Scale Properties ◽

Short Time

The physics explored in this investigation enables short-time scale dynamic phenomenon to be correlated with package failure modes such as solder ball cracking and interlayer debond. It is found that although epoxy-based underfills with nanofillers are shown to be effective in alleviating thermal stresses and improving solder joint fatigue performance in thermal cycling tests of long-time scale, underfill material viscoelasticity is ineffective in attenuating short-time scale propagating shock waves. In addition, the inclusion of Cu interconnecting layers in flip chip area arrays is found to perform significantly better than Al layers in suppressing short-time scale effects. Results reported herein suggest that, if improved flip chip reliability is to be achieved, the compositions of all packaging constituent materials need be formulated to have well-defined short-time scale and long-time scale properties. Chip level circuit design layout also needs be optimized to either discourage or negate short-time wave propagation. The knowledge base established is generally applicable to high performance package configurations of small footprint and high clock speed. The approach along with the numerical procedures developed for the investigation can be a practical tool for realizing better device reliability and thus high manufacturing yield.

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Self-Healing Research of ZigBee Network Based on Coordinator Node Isolated

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2089 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 347-350 ◽

pp. 2089-2094

Author(s):

Ming Jiang Huang ◽

Tao Wang

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Mesh Network ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Self Healing ◽

Single Chip ◽

Child Node ◽

Long Time ◽

Parent Node ◽

The Coordinator

A single-chip solution is proposed to realize the node design based on 2.4 GHz ZigBee wireless sensor network. Mesh network topology is achieved by the use of ZigBee Pro protocol stack on the hardware platform. When the packets are successfully sent to the coordinator node, a relevant event will be generated by the local node. Hence, the parent node lost event can be obtained by comparing the number of the packets sent by the child node and the number of the packets sent successfully shown by the respond event. A wireless sensor network is designed to work independently from the coordinator node and can be re-connected according to the needed set to resume the network. When the coordinator node is taken away from the site or power down by happenstance and power up again after a long time, the parent lost event in the child nodes can make it rejoin the new coordinator node again when needed. The network self-healing function can be achieved by this mechanism that makes the network more stable.

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Sliding of spherical ball on solid lubricating coating combined with wear process

Welding Technology Review ◽

10.26628/wtr.v93i1.1125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

Marcin Białas ◽

Jan Maciejewski ◽

Stanisław Kucharski

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Time Scale ◽

Contact Region ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Steady State Condition ◽

Wear Process ◽

Spherical Ball ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time ◽

Solid Lubricating Coating

In present paper we show results of ball-on-disk wear experiment of MoS2 film deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate. The ball materials is aluminum oxide. The tests are performed for different surrounding temperature conditions: 20 oC, 200 oC and 350 oC. It is shown that depth of the wear groove increases with increasing surrounding temperature. A finite element modeling approach is next developed to mimic the experimental observations of ball-on-disk wear process. It is based on the assumption of steady state condition developed during short time scale at contact region. The steady state results can next be applied to long time scale in which wear process is numerically simulated. Model results are compared with experimentally obtained wear groove and show satisfactory agreement.

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The Mathematical Analysis On The Effect Of Strong Nonlinearity On Steady-State Self-Focusing And Filamentation Of Whistlers In A Plasma

IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) ◽

10.21013/jte.v5.n1.p4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Ghanshyam Rai

Keyword(s):

Time Scale ◽

High Frequency ◽

Small Scale ◽

Nonuniform Heating ◽

Short Time Scale ◽

Strong Nonlinearity ◽

Self Focusing ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time ◽

Very High

<div>A high-power Gaussian Whistler propagating in a magnatoplasma becomes self-focused because of (i) ponderomotive force and (ii) nonuniform heating nonlinearities (i) being dominant for t << T and (ii) being dominant for t > tE. On short time scale (t << tE ) whistlers of all frequencies can be focused (the self – focusing length is very large for ω= /2 and decreases rapidly on both sides), whereas on the long time scale (t > tE) only high frequency whistlers (ω> /2) are focused. At very high powers the plasma is depleted almost completely from the axial region and self-focusing does not occur, rather, defocusing takes place. A plane uniform whistler of high intensity is seen to be unstable for small scale fluctuations, i.e., it must break up into filaments in course of it propagation. The growth rate increases with decreasing scale length of perturbation and is seen to be a saturating function of power density of the beam. </div>

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Improvement of CH election in three-level heterogeneous WSN

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp272-278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 272

Author(s):

Jong-Yong Lee ◽

Daesung Lee

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Cluster Head ◽

Residual Energy ◽

Initial Energy ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Increase Energy Efficiency ◽

Leach Protocol ◽

Long Time

A Wireless Sensor Network is a wirelessly configured Sensor Node with limited power such as a battery. There are many Wireless Sensor Network Protocols to increase energy efficiency, among which LEACH Protocol and SEP are typical. The LEACH Protocol is mainly used for homogeneous sensor networks with the same initial energy, and SEP is used for heterogeneous sensor networks with different initial energies. In the case of SEP-E, another heterogeneous sensor with different initial energy is added. SEP and SEP-E provide a higher probability of Cluster Head election for node types with more energy than Normal Nodes. Since the current residual energy of the node is not confirmed, even if the energy is low, the Cluster Head may be elected because of the node type. In this paper, considering the residual energy of a node when a Cluster Head is elected, we increase the probability of electing a Cluster Head with more residual energy. Cluster Head consumes a lot of energy. A node with a lot of residual energy is elected as a Cluster Head, so the network lifetime can be used for a long time.

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