Jewish Neo-Aramaic Innovations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
North Eastern

The present article concerns salient Jewish Neo-Aramaic (jna) innovations in the framework of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (nena).jnais such a wide spectrum of varieties that in some cases geographically distant dialects are fundamentally different from each other on all levels of language structure and are mutually incomprehensible. Nevertheless, all these dialects share some typical or unique traits which transcend dialectal boundaries and bind thejnavarieties together to the exclusion of all or the vast majority of neighboring Christiannenadialects. Ethnolectal divisions and separate Jewish as opposed to Christian isoglosses innenahave likely emerged due to diffusional patterns dominated by the force of communal and confessional cohesiveness that has overridden convergence and affinity with geographically proximate, but religiously distinct,nena-speaking communities.

Further Jewish Neo-Aramaic Innovations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-181
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
New Findings ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

AbstractThe present article presents new findings related to Jewish Neo-Aramaic (JNA) innovations in the framework of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). The dialectal spectrum ofJNAis so wide and variegated, that some geographically distantJNAvarieties are markedly different from each other on all levels of language structure. Despite this great heterogeneity, theJNAdialects share supra-regional features that bind these varieties together to the exclusion of all, or the vast majority of, the ChristianNENA(C.NENA) dialects. There appear to be no grounds, however, for a genetic classification ofNENAinto two principal branches,JNAandC.NENA. Distinct Jewish versus ChristianNENAisoglosses have, rather, most plausibly emerged by gradual diffusion of innovations throughoutNENA-speaking communities of the same confession (Jewish or Christian), while skipping geographically adjacent, but religiously distinct,NENA-speaking communities.

scholarly journals Paronomastic Infinitives in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic: A Typological Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-299
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mengozzi ◽  
Emanuele Miola
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Typological Approach

Abstract In the present article we aim to describe the distribution and functions of preposed and postposed paronomastic infinitives in literary and spoken varieties of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). In the first part, the syntax and the function(s) of constructions involving a paronomastic infinitive will be described from a typological point of view. Syntactic and functional variation of NENA paronomastic infinitives largely corresponds to what is found in other Semitic languages, as well as in many languages belonging to other families. In the second part of the article we will address the rendering of Biblical Hebrew and Classical Syriac paronomastic infinitives in NENA Bible translations and offer a survey of various constructions found in spoken varieties and in the language of early Christian Neo-Aramaic poetry.

Akkadian substrate words and meanings surfacing in Neo-Aramaic

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-51
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of

Abstract The present article concerns twelve cases of Akkadian lexical influences on Aramaic that are not manifest until the modern period. These are added to several cases already discussed in scholarly works, and include ten substrate words and two loan translations, all in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA), and in one case of loan translation apparently also in Western Neo-Aramaic (assuming a westward diffusion of the innovation involved). As most Akkadian lexical influences which surface in Neo-Aramaic are confined to NENA, it seems that the main reasons for the lack of their attestation in pre-modern Aramaic is the strictly vernacular nature of the remote progenitor of NENA, and the fact that the history of this dialect group is not attested.

The Mountain People: some notes on the Ik of north-eastern Uganda

Africa ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Heine
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Opening ParagraphColin M. Turnbull's publications form virtually the only source available on Ik clture and society. His bookThe Mountain Peoplehas found wide distribution, far beyond anthropological circles. The problems it raises have been discussed in a number of reviews (see especially Beidelman, 1973; Spencer, 1973; Barth, 1974; Winteret al., 1975). Through the present article, I wish to show that there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive and less biased study of Ik culture md society.

Some Lexicographic and Etymological Notes on 'A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary'

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-324
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lexical Items

Abstract The present article refers to several selected lexical oddities which appear in Yona Sabar's A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dictionary. The article seeks to clarify the etymologies of these lexical items, to refine their definitions whenever necessary, and to offer extensive comparative data related to cognates and missing links in various other Neo-Aramaic varieties, in particular North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects. All lexical items in question are proven to be inherited from pre-modern Aramaic, and five of them appear to be part of the inventory of Akkadian loanwords in NENA and other Aramaic languages. Mere recourse to Classical Aramaic is inadequate for uncovering the origins of most of these lexical items due to far-reaching semantic, phonological and morphological changes that have distanced them from their precursors. In most cases, therefore, a comparative inter-dialectal study is crucial for securing well-founded etyma for these puzzling words. Each etymological discussion specifies the diachronic processes involved in the development of the lexical item under consideration.

scholarly journals Johannes Gabriel Granö and his Cartography- Oriented Landscape Research. A Reviewing Appreciation

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Holger Helm ◽  
Manfred F. Buchroithner
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
German Language ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
European Landscape Convention ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
A Site ◽  
Difficult Times

The present article shall bring to mind the extraordinary stimuli given by Johannes Gabriel Granö (1882 – 1956) to international landscape research through his exceptionally wide spectrum of studies. It begins with his expeditions into the Altai Mountains and to Northwestern Mongolia at the beginning of the 20th century and his multifaceted publications about their results – also in difficult times – like in 1945. The paper further treats Granö’s pioneering works about geography and cartography of Estonia at the beginning of the 1920s, his methodological and applied articles about physiognomic landscape characteristics, both in detailed as well as in overview scales – and mostly demonstrated in his Finnish motherland. Granö’s monograph „Reine Geographie“ / „Pure Geography“ – first published in German language in 1929 – revived, after its translation into English (in 1997), half a century later eager interest in his activities. In 2002, the Universities of Turku (Finland) and Tartu (Estonia) responded to this development through the establishment of a Granö Centre as a site of encounters and exchanges. In the context of the European Landscape Convention (ECL) it becomes obvious how far J.G. Granö was ahead of his time.

scholarly journals Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Large Set ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Group A ◽  
Parallel Features

AbstractThe present article seeks to describe a major group of Jewish North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects located across the Great Zab river in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the dialectological map of NENA, hence the term “Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic” (“Trans-Zab”, for short) chosen for this dialect group. A large set of phonological, morphophonological, morphological and lexical innovations, shared by all members of this group, is presented. Each of the Trans-Zab features is compared with contrastive parallel features in other, selected NENA varieties. Finally, an internal classification of Trans-Zab into three subdivisions is proposed, based on a comparison of three respective paradigms of the positive present copula.

scholarly journals New record of Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae) from the Lilyaksko Plateau, North-Eastern Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Darina Bachvarova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Record ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
First Record ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Wild Wheat ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract The present article reports on the first record of Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 in the area of Lilyaksko Plateau in North-eastern Bulgaria. The species has been found in three of the researched habitats in the region: LP1 – deciduous forest of common hornbeam (C. betulus); in LP2 – coniferous forest of black pine (P. nigra) and in the located nearby Meadow 1 (LP4), covered with wild wheat grass and single shrubs of common rosehip (R. canina). The research of the Myriapoda fauna of the Lilyak Plateau was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 and G. hexasticha was established only in the period May – August 2017, and a total of 55 individuals (17 males, 17 female) were collected. The largest number of individuals (24) were registered in June 2017 (17 in LP1, 2 in LP2, and 5 in LP4).

scholarly journals Trends in thyroid function testing, neck ultrasound, thyroid fine needle aspiration, and thyroidectomies in North-eastern Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dal Maso ◽  
◽  
C. Panato ◽  
A. De Paoli ◽  
V. Mattioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Neck Ultrasound ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration

Abstract Purpose Evidence of an increased diagnostic pressure on thyroid has emerged over the past decades. This study aimed to provide estimates of a wide spectrum of surveillance indicators for thyroid dysfunctions and diseases in Italy. Methods A population-based study was conducted in North-eastern Italy, including 11.7 million residents (20% of the total Italian population). Prescriptions for TSH testing, neck ultrasound or thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA), surgical procedures, and drugs for hypo- or hyperthyroidism were extracted from regional health databases. Proportions and rates of selected examinations were calculated from 2010 to 2017, overall and by sex, calendar years, age, and region. Results Between 2010 and 2017 in North-eastern Italy, 24.5% of women and 9.8% of men received at least one TSH test yearly. In 2017, 7.1% of women and 1.5% of men were prescribed drugs for thyroid dysfunction, 94.6% of whom for hypothyroidism. Neck ultrasound examinations were performed yearly in 6.9% of women and 4.6% of men, with a nearly two-fold variation between areas. Thyroid FNA and thyroidectomies were three-fold more frequent in women (394 and 85 per 100,000) than in men (128 and 29 per 100,000) with a marked variation between areas. Both procedures decreased consistently after 2013. Conclusions The results of this population-based study describe recent variations over time and between surrounding areas of indicators of ‘diagnostic pressure’ on thyroid in North-eastern Italy. These results emphasize the need to harmonize practices and to reduce some procedures (e.g., neck ultrasound and total thyroidectomies) in certain areas.

Folk Etymology in the North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Dialects

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Hezy Mutzafi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Aramaic Dialects

Abstract Although folk etymology is a common linguistic phenomenon, it has hitherto hardly been touched upon in lexicological and other works related to varieties of Neo-Aramaic. The present article concerns twelve cases of folk etymology selected from some of the dialects of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA), the largest and most variegated division of modern Aramaic. Among these are three folk-etymological interpretations that did not induce structural or other changes, as well as nine cases of folk-etymological processes that reshaped NENA lexical items.

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