PERFORATED RAY CELLS IN BATHYSA MERIDIONALIS (RUBIACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregório C.T. Ceccantini ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy-Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper describes the morphology and size of perforated ray cells in Bathysa meridionalis Smith & Downs and compares its features with the adjacent ray cells and vessel elements. The perforated ray cells are much bigger and more voluminous than normal ray cells. Their shapes vary from ellipsoid to polygonal. The perforation plates may be solitary to tree per wall, round to reniform. The dimensions of perforated ray cells suggest that they are at least as effective for water flow as axial vessel elements.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

scholarly journals Trabeculae and Al-accumulation in the wood cells of Melastomataceae species from Brazilian savanna

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez ◽  
Carmen Regina Marcati ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time ◽  
Additional Role

Family Melastomataceae is an important component of the Brazilian Cerrado flora, inhabiting different environments from those with well-drained soils to swamp soil sites. Several members of this family are recognized as aluminum (Al)-accumulating. We studied the wood anatomy of six species of Melastomataceae (Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana, M. fallax DC., M. chamissois Naudin, M. ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Microlepis oleaefolia (DC.) Triana, Rhynchanthera dichotoma DC.), growing in different environments of Cerrado, exploring the occurrence of trabeculae and Al-accumulation sites. We processed the material following the usual techniques in wood anatomy and histochemistry. We used a chrome azurol-S spot-test in fresh material to detect Al-accumulation. The common features were diffuse porosity, vessel elements with simple perforation plates and vestured pits, abundant parenchyma-like fiber bands and septate fibers, axial parenchyma scanty to vasicentric, and heterocellular rays. The presence of trabeculae in vessel elements, septa in parenchyma cells, and aluminum in the G-layer of the gelatinous fiber walls, in the septa of fibers, in cambial initials and derivatives cell walls, and in the vacuole of ray cells are recorded for the first time for Melastomataceae. The results of this study indicate an additional role for gelatinous fibers in Al-accumulation, and offer a new perspective on Al-compartmentalization in the wood cells from Cerrado species.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS "PAU-PARA-TUDO" IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Perforation Plates

ABSTRACT Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays' width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements). Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

OCCURRENCE OF PERFORATED RAY CELLS IN GENERA OF PACHYCEREEAE (CACTACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time

Perforated ray cells are reported for the first time for 16 species of seven genera of Pachycereeae. The perforated ray cells are shorter than vessel elements and have simple perforation plates and small alternate intervascular pits. Among Cactaceae these specialised cells seem to be related with splitting of the tall rays.

Characterisation of xylem conduits and their possible role in limiting the vase life of cut Acacia holosericea (Mimosaceae) foliage stems

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilushi W. Damunupola ◽  
Kamani Ratnayake ◽  
Daryl C. Joyce ◽  
Donald E. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Acacia Holosericea ◽  
Cut Foliage ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Vestured Pits ◽  
Xylem Conduits

Early desiccation limits the vase life of Acacia cut flowers and foliage and may be attributable to poor hydraulic conductivity (Kh) of the cut stems. Acacia holosericea A.Cunn. ex G.Don has been adopted as the test species to investigate the postharvest water relations of the genus Acacia. To understand potential constraints on Kh, xylem conduits in cut A. holosericea stems were anatomically characterised by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Vessels with simple perforation plates and tracheids were the principal water conducting cells. Bordered vestured intervessel pits were present in xylem vessel elements. The majority of conduits (89%) were short at 1–5 cm long. Only 2% were 15–16 cm in length. Mean xylem conduit diameter was 77 ± 0.9 µm and the diameter profile showed a normal distribution, with 29% of diameters in the range of 70–80 µm. Simple perforation plates can offer relatively low resistance to water flow. On the other hand, bordered vestured pits and short xylem conduits can confer comparatively high resistance to water flow. Overall, the presence of bordered vestured pits, together with a high proportion of short xylem conduits and high stomatal densities (232 ± 2 mm–2) on unifacial phyllodes, could contribute to early dehydration of A. holosericea cut foliage stems standing in vase water. Further research will relate these anatomical features with changes in Kh and transpiration of cut foliage stems.

Perforated Ray Cells in Korean Caprifoliaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Geun Eom ◽  
Youn Jib Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time

Perforated ray cells are recorded for the first time in species of Lonicera, Sambucus, Viburnum, and Weigela (Caprifoliaceae) that grow in Korea, These ray cells have simple perforations in Lonicera and Sambucus which have vessel elements with simple perforations, and have scalariform perforation s or variant types of scalariform perforations in Viburnum and Weigela which have vessel elements with scalariform perforations. In Korean Caprifoliaceae the perforations of ray cells are similar to the types of perforation plates in the vessel elements of the same wood.

Some Unusual Features in the Wood of Sloanea Lasiocoma K. Schum. (Elaeocarpaceae) and Casearia Obliqua Spreng. (Flacourtiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Lopes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper reports the occurrence of perforated ray cells in the wood of Sloanea lasiocoma K. Schum. (Elaeocarpaceae) and on the occasional presence of scalariform perforation plates, of trabeculae in vessel elements and fibres, as well as series of perforated ray cells in the wood of Casearia obliqua Spreng. (Flacourtiaceae).

Three-Dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Differentiating Secondary Xylem by Confocal Microscopy

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kitin ◽  
Yuzou Sano ◽  
Ryo Funada
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Kalopanax Pictus ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

We examined the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of differentiating xylem in a hardwood tree, Kalopanax pictus, by confocallaser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using relatively thick, hand-cut histological sections. 3-D studies of plant tissues by mechanical serial sectioning with a microtome are very time-con suming. By contrast, the preparation of samples for CLSM is easier and the 3-D structure of intact tissue is preserved during optical sectioning. We obtained extended-focus images of the surface of specimens and these images resembled the stereographic images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. In addition , we observed radial files of cambial derivative cells at various stages of differenti ation and the internal structure along the 'z' axis of specimens on serial optical sections. We analysed the developmental changes in the morphology of cambial derivat ive cells, for example, the 3-D shape and arrangement of cells, the readjustment of the position of cells, and the development of secondary walls, pits and perforation plates. Our results showed that the arrangement of the differentiating xylem cells mirror s that of the cambial cell s. Deviations from the longitudinal orientation of vessel elements were specified by similar patterns of orientation of fusiform and ray cambial cells. The development of vessel elements progressed more rapidly than that of other xylem elements. When secondary walls with bordered pits and perforation plates with membranes were present in vessel elements and their expansion ceased, no secondary wall formation was detected in adjacent ray cells. The delay in secondary wall formation by the ray parenchyma cells, as compared to that by vessel elements, might facilitate the readju stment of the position of cells in the developing xylem tissue that is a consequence of the considerable expan sion of the vessel elements.

Perforated Ray Cells in the Wood of Roots and Branches of Cerrado Species from Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Oliveira Sonsin ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado ◽  
Carmen Regina Marcati
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time

Perforated ray cells (PRCs) are recorded here for the first time in the roots and branches of Schefflera vinosa, Caryocar brasiliense, Acosmium subelegans, Byrsonima basiloba, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and Alibertia concolor which occur in Pratâniaʼs cerrado (SP, Brazil). PRCs are larger than normal ray cells, occurring isolated or in groups of two or more in the same ray, and are present predominantly in the uniseriate portion of multiseriate rays in all species studied. In the roots and branches, the types of perforation plates (PP) of the PRCs are similar to those of the vessel elements (VE) in most species, with the exception of the branches of Schefflera vinosa and the branches and roots of Caryocar brasiliense. The diameter of the PRC plates was greater in the roots than in the branches, but the differences were only statistically significant in Schefflera vinosa, Byrsonima basiloba and B. verbascifolia. In a general way the PRC plates were greater in diameter than the VE plates in both roots and branches of most species.

scholarly journals An Approach to the study of vessels climber species

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Khandagale ◽  
B.K. Auti
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
Large Perforation ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Soil Interface ◽  
Highly Evolved

The angiosperms are characterized by vessels in wood, and therefore, vessel elements were selected to study them in climber species. Xylem is the specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients from the plant–soil interface to stem and leaves and provides mechanical support and storage. Water is the primary solvent for plant nutrition and metabolism and is essential for photosynthesis, turgor and for transport of minerals, hormones and other molecules. Studies on vessels showed that the characters of vessels can throw some light on the phylogeny of species. The short vessel members with many perforation plates with a single large perforation are most specialized and those that were long with elongate obliquely placed perforation plates with many perforations separated by bars that together give a scalariform appearance are primitive. The degree of specialization of vessel elements can be measured in terms of vessel length, breadth and the number of bars on the end plate of vessels. Vessels show highly evolved and primitive vessel elements. Mostly elongated vessel elements are present in middle region of the stem. During this study the broadest vessels were found in the middle part of the stem of dicots (Clitoria, Daemia and Aristolochia) and root of the monocots (Gloriosa) and the narrowest vessel elements were found in different parts of the species investigated. The present work is supported with line drawings of prepared stained sections, provides a framework of the vessels. This study will be very useful to a wideseries of community, who work with plants.

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