scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS "PAU-PARA-TUDO" IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Perforation Plates

ABSTRACT Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays' width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements). Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

scholarly journals Trabeculae and Al-accumulation in the wood cells of Melastomataceae species from Brazilian savanna

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez ◽  
Carmen Regina Marcati ◽  
Silvia Rodrigues Machado
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time ◽  
Additional Role

Family Melastomataceae is an important component of the Brazilian Cerrado flora, inhabiting different environments from those with well-drained soils to swamp soil sites. Several members of this family are recognized as aluminum (Al)-accumulating. We studied the wood anatomy of six species of Melastomataceae (Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana, M. fallax DC., M. chamissois Naudin, M. ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Microlepis oleaefolia (DC.) Triana, Rhynchanthera dichotoma DC.), growing in different environments of Cerrado, exploring the occurrence of trabeculae and Al-accumulation sites. We processed the material following the usual techniques in wood anatomy and histochemistry. We used a chrome azurol-S spot-test in fresh material to detect Al-accumulation. The common features were diffuse porosity, vessel elements with simple perforation plates and vestured pits, abundant parenchyma-like fiber bands and septate fibers, axial parenchyma scanty to vasicentric, and heterocellular rays. The presence of trabeculae in vessel elements, septa in parenchyma cells, and aluminum in the G-layer of the gelatinous fiber walls, in the septa of fibers, in cambial initials and derivatives cell walls, and in the vacuole of ray cells are recorded for the first time for Melastomataceae. The results of this study indicate an additional role for gelatinous fibers in Al-accumulation, and offer a new perspective on Al-compartmentalization in the wood cells from Cerrado species.

scholarly journals Using Lenses Attached to a Smartphone as a Macroscopic Early Warning Tool in the Illegal Timber Trade, in Particular for CITES-Listed Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Paloma de Palacios ◽  
Luis G. Esteban ◽  
Peter Gasson ◽  
Francisco García-Fernández ◽  
Antonio de Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Timber Trade ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomy is a key discipline as a tool for monitoring the global timber trade, particularly for wood listed in protected species conventions such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). One of the main barriers to reducing illegal trafficking of protected species is ensuring that customs officials with appropriate training in wood anatomy are equipped with simple tools, at both the origin and destination of shipments, so they can raise an early warning about wood suspected of contravening international treaties and immediately send samples to a specialised laboratory. This work explains how lenses attached to a smartphone, capable of achieving up to 400× magnification using the phone digital zoom, can be used to distinguish features that are not visible with traditional 10× or 12× lenses, enhancing the capacity to view features not typically observable in the field. In softwoods, for example, this method permits determination of the type of axial parenchyma arrangement, whether there are helical thickenings in axial tracheids and whether axial tracheids have organic deposits or contain alternate polygonal pits, and in the rays, if the tracheids are smooth-walled or dentate and if the cross-field pits are window-like. In hardwoods, it allows verification of the presence of tyloses and deposits in vessels, the type of perforation plates and whether the intervascular pitting is scalariform; in the rays it is possible to differentiate the types of ray cells; and in the axial parenchyma, to determine the presence of oil cells. In addition, unlike macroscopic analysis with a conventional magnifying lens, this type of lens can be used with the appropriate mobile application for the biometry of important elements such as ray height and vessel diameter.

Xylem Anatomy Of Diegodendron HumbertΠ

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Dickison
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates

The first description of the wood of the monotypic Madagascan genus Diegodendron is provided. The xylem of D. humbertii is characterised by short , solitary vessel elements with alternate lateral wall pitting and simple perforation plates, imperforate tracheary elements of the libriform fibre type, nearly all biseriate, imperfectly storied, homogeneous rays composed of procumbent cells only, and diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The specialised wood anatomy of Diegodendron supports a close alliance with both Sphaerosepalaceae and Malvales.

Wood Anatomy of Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Hayden ◽  
Mark P. Simmons ◽  
Linda J. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Wood anatomy of 29 specimens of seven species of Amanoa from tropieal Africa, South America, and the Caribbean is described. The wood is diffuse-porous with most vessels in short radial multiples. Vessel elements are notably long, have simple perforation plates and smalI, alternate intervessel pits; tyloses are present in heartwood. Libriform wood fibres bear thick walls. Axial parenchyma distribution is diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma is common. Rays are heterocellular, narrow, and very tal!. The species examined, all from moist lowland forests, have similar wood structure. Wood of Amanoa resembles that of other primitive Euphorbiaceae.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la madera de las especies mexicanas de Salvia sección Erythrostachys Epl. (Lamiaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ceja-Romero ◽  
Carmen de la Paz Pérez-Olvera ◽  
Jesús Rivera-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

The wood anatomy of Salvia pubescens, S. regla, and S. sessei is described. These species are included within the section Erythrostachys, subgenus Calosphace, genus Salvia. Two samples were collected for each species to obtain permanent slides. Transverse, radial and tangential sections were used to describe the anatomy of each taxon. The wood has ring porosity, the tangential vessel diameter is small (34-85 μm), the vessel elements are short (94-257 μm) with alternate pitting, helical thickenings and simple perforation plates. Vasicentric tracheids are present. Axial parenchyma is paratracheal scanty, apotracheal diffuse, and marginal. Rays are uniseriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous, aggregate and non aggregate. Libriform fibers are septate and non septate. Gums, tyloses, starch grains and prismatic crystals were observed. These features agree with previous reports for the genus.

scholarly journals Estudo anatômico do xilema secundário de Cassia corymbosa Lam. (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

 This paper describes the wood anatomy of Cassia corymbosa Lam. (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae), a small ornamental shrub with yellow flowers, commonly named int the State of Rio Grande do Sul as "Fedegoso".The most important anatomical characteristics observed was the presence of short vessel elements with small diameter and simple perforation plates, rays of Heterogeneous II type, libriform non-septate fibers, and scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma axial parencgyma.

Wood Anatomy of the Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wheeler ◽  
Sung Jae Lee ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomical data for all three extant genera of the Altingiaceae and 23 of the 27 extant genera of the Hamamelidaceae were compiled in an effort to find features distinctive to genera, tribes, or subfamilies within these families. All genera studied have diffuse porous wood (except Corylopsis which tends to be semi-ring porous), vessels are predominantly solitary and narrow (<100 μm, usually <50 μm) and angular in outline, vessel elements are long (>800 μm) with scalariform perforation plates with average bar numbers of 9–44, intervessel pits are mainly scalariform to opposite, vessel-ray parenchyma pits are scalariform with slightly reduced borders and usually are in the square to upright marginal ray parenchyma cells, rays are heterocellular and narrow, usually 1–3-seriate. Although the wood anatomy of both families is relatively homogeneous, it is possible to key out many genera using a combination of qualitative (presence/absence and location of helical thickenings in vessel elements and fibers, crystal occurrence, axial parenchyma abundance, degree of ray heterogeneity) and quantitative features (number of bars per perforation plate and ray width). Helical thickenings are present throughout the vessel elements in three genera (Loropetalum, Altingia, Semiliquidambar) and are restricted to the vessel element tails in two genera (Corylopsis, Liquidambar). Loropetalum has helical thickenings in ground tissue fibers as well. Axial parenchyma abundance varies from scarce to relatively abundant diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates. One clade of the tribe Fothergilleae (Distylium, Distyliopsis, Sycopsis, Shaniodendron, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis) has more abundant axial parenchyma and is characterized by narrow, usually interrupted bands of apotracheal parenchyma. Nearly exclusively uniseriate rays occur in some species of Hamamelis and in Exbucklandia, Chunia, Dicoryphe, and Fothergilla. These data on extant Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae not only provide information relevant for systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy and wood identification, but also give context for reviewing the fossil woods assigned to them. A new combination is proposed for the Miocene Liquidambar hisauchii (Watari) Suzuki & Watari from Japan: Altingia hisauchii (Watari) Wheeler, Baas & Lee.

Comparative wood anatomy of Eucryphia wilkiei and E. jinksii (Cunoniaceae): two narrow endemics from Queensland, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Richard W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Narrow Endemics ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical data are given for two narrow Queensland endemic Eucryphia species, E. wilkiei B.Hyland and Eucryphia jinksii P.I.Forst. Comparisons of wood anatomy of all extant Eucryphia taxa show that E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are distinct from each other, and other Eucryphia species. However, for both species characters relating to perforation plates, helical thickening (E. wilkiei only) and fibres are shared with the South American species, whereas the presence of crystals in the axial parenchyma is shared only with the Australian species. These data suggest that, based on wood anatomy, E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are basal among Australian species.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Light Microscopy for the Characterization of Hypericum foliosum Aerial Part as a Medicinal Plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
R. Serrano ◽  
P. Ferreira ◽  
E.T. Gomes ◽  
O. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug

The first step in quality control of herbal drugs is ensuring the correct identification of the plant intended for use. The required analytical procedures (macroscopic characterization of the entire or fragmentized material, microscopic characterization after pulverization of the plant material and chemical characterization), are usually described on quality monographs reported in authoritarian texts such as the European 6th Pharmacopoeia. Further information related to the name of the each herbal drug, the herbal drug definition, purity tests and assay are also provided.

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