ARATICUM ACCESSIONS: EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS AND SOAKING TIMES ON SEED DORMANCY OVERCOMING1

ABSTRACT The germination process of the Annona sylvatica A.St.-Hil becomes difficult because the seeds have physical and physiological numbness. Although, the objective was to evaluate the effect the gibberellic acid can have in overcoming this physiological process. So that, aimed to evaluate the effect of the gibberellic acid in the overcoming dormancy of araticum seeds. Two different projects were developed simultaneously (plants germination in the laboratory and emergence of seedlings in seed). At the laboratory, the experimental design used was completely casualized in factorial scheme 4 x 4. Evaluating the physiological aspect of the germination and vigor. The germination of the seeds presented superior performance when they were immersed in 1200 mg.L-1 of GA3, in 24 h of imbibition, reaching 67% of germination. In the emergence of seedlings in seed, the experimental design used was to randomize blocks in factorial scheme 4 x 5 (four accesses x five periods of immersion). After 110 days, evaluating physiological aspects of emergence and vigor. The emergence varied between 32 to 45% (accesses A1 and A3) in a period of 15 to 24 h (accesses A1 and A3 or A4). High concentration and longer period of soaking in gibberellic acid promote a bigger germination of the araticum seeds. There is a difference between the accesses of the species, necessary to evaluate before being collected, and in the present study the accesses A3 is promising for harvest.

Use of the imazapic herbicide applied alone or tank mix with imazapyr as growth regulator of lawns

Successive mowing are the major maintenance costs of lawns. Thus, both the expenditure with mowing and the visual and physiological aspect of the lawn have led to the search for alternatives to mechanical management. Thus, this work aimed to study the effects of different rates of imazapic herbicide applied alone or combined with imazapyr as a growth regulator of Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of six rates of imazapic herbicide (35; 70; 105; 140; 175 and 210 g a.i. ha-1) for both species, three rates of imazapic + imazapyr in tank mix (15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for Bahiagrass and four rates of imazapic + imazapyr mixture (7.875 + 2.625; 15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for St. Augustine grass. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by observing visible injury symptoms, canopy height, height and number of inflorescences and total dry matter of clippings. Applications of imazapic alone or combined with imazapyr were effective in reducing plant height, number and height of inflorescences and total amount of dry matter of clippings produced by Bahiagrass plants. Imazapic provided satisfactory control of St. Augustine growth, but its utilization caused an increase in the number of inflorescences present in the lawns.

Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity in Spinacia Plant: Physiological Aspect

Arsenic (As) is a chemical element which has become environmental toxin now days due its presence in large concentration in water and soil. It remains in the environment for an extensive period. Although it is a non-essential element for plant, the rooted plants absorb Arsenic from the soil. Even a trace amount of Arsenic is enough for affecting the plant growth and development. Test sample Spinacia sp. is a green leafy vegetable that belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is distributed all over the world. It is a good source of minerals, vitamins, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenols and omega 3fatty acid, therefore, called as the power house of nutrients. Background soil prepared with the Arsenic level 0.013mg/kg, treated with three different concentrations of Arsenic 0.02 mg/l, 0.06mg/l and 0.08mg/l showed marked changes in the physiology of test sample in the retention period of 30 days. Percent germination was recorded as 16.6% in the soil containing 0.08mg/l. Synthesis of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was recorded on 5th, 15th and 30th day. It was estimated highest 44.343 mg and 17.837 mg in the sample plant grown at the lowest concentration of Arsenic (0.02 mg/l) in the soil. Significantly, this research work addresses the physiological aspect and the results provide scientific understanding of this research area of Arsenic toxicity in soil plant systems.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF SAMANYA VISHESHA SIDDHANTA & ITS SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN TRIDOSHA

Ayurveda is a holistic science and is taken as the base module for other sciences. In Ayurveda, the span of life is described to be determined on the basis of nature of the physique, type of constitution. The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the proper equilibrium of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala constituent in order to preserve health in a healthy person and cure a disease in a diseased person. Every medical stream has its own sci-ence in which its matter is developed, evolved and explained. Ayurveda is based on peculiar fundamental principles like Triguna Tridosha theory, Panchamahabhuta theory, Prakriti Ojas, Dhattu, Mala, Agni, Ma-nas, Atma, Samanya Vishesha etc. Among these, Samanya Vishesha principle is one of those which play a key component in Ayurvedic treatment. The term Samanya implies similarity & uniformity or the one which causes increase in substance. While the term Vishesha says about dissimilarity or non-uniformity or the one which causes decreases in substances. According to Ayurveda, the disease occurs in the body ei-ther due to increase or decrease of Doshas & Dhatus which disturb the equilibrium state of body when these Doshas are brought to their equilibrium healthy status is attained. The healthy status is attained through the application of Samanya Vishesha principle. The Samanya Vishesha principle strengthens the Doshas that have become weak (by its similarities) and reduce Doshas which are increased (by its dissimi-larities) causing imbalance. This principle is useful for the recommendation to be given for healthy person and in treating diseases. So, the Samanya & Vishesha Siddhanta play an important role in treating diseases & has become a fundamental principle for Ayurvedic management.

The Idea of the Concept of "Love" of Young Women and Men

The article presents the results of an empirical study devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the notion in the concept of love in young women and men. The sample consisted of 63 people aged 18 to 22. The study revealed differences in the specifics of the views of married and unmarried men, as well as established a relationship between cognitive and motivational components in married respondents. All married women are dominated by the social aspects of love as opposed to the physiological aspect. In unmarried women, social and emotional aspects predominate, while physiological aspects are important for individual subjects. Regarding self-development, this factor becomes the leading one in the mutual desire of partners and getting married does not affect this factor. The perceptions of individuals in love relationships affect the level of desirability and readiness for marriage. Marriage is one of the manifestations of feelings of love but influenced by social factors. Psychological readiness for marriage arises after a harmonious combination of partners: physiological, emotional, spiritual and social views. Married and unmarried women have a close understanding of the concept of "Love", while married and unmarried men have a distant understanding of the concept of "Love". For men, the emotional component is important, and women are focused on the social context. For unmarried women, the emotional component of love plays the greatest role. All married women are dominated by the social aspects of love as opposed to the physiological aspect. In unmarried women, social and emotional aspects predominate, while physiological aspects are important for individual subjects. Regarding self-development, this factor becomes the leading one in the mutual desire of partners and marriage does not affect this factor. The components "intimacy", "passion" and "devotion" in all samples are present and expressed at approximately the same level due to the fact that the subjects are in the same age category, and the subjects who are married have no more than one year of married life. In married samples, the idea of love is related to the cognitive and motivational component, they are guided by the mind. They dilute the concepts of emotional intimacy and sexual desire, they are not interested in the purely physiological component of sex, and they emphasize the emotional component. For unmarried samples, sex does not play a significant role in the context of love, and the cognitive component is related to the need for self-development within love. Because the subjects are members of the same social stratum and are in the same age category, they are influenced by similar social norms, and they tend to think according to certain social stereotypes. The obtained results have theoretical interest and practical significance for further research of the feeling of love in psychotherapeutic practices, for the construction of various psychological trainings.