Comparative anatomy of the rostrosoma of Solifugae, Pseudoscorpiones and Acari

We compare the microscopic anatomy of the mouthparts of representative species of Solifugae, Pseudoscorpiones and Parasitiformes (Acari). Specifically, we focus on the epistome, the labrum, the lateral lips (= endites of the pedipalpal coxae) and the musculature of the pharyngeal suction pump. We provide evidence that the labrum is reduced in Solifugae, but present and functional in Pseudoscorpiones and Acari. The epistome constitutes the entire dorsal face of the rostrosoma in Solifugae, but is internalized into the prosoma in Pseudoscorpiones. In Acari, the epistome shows an ancestral morphology, probably close to the ground pattern of chelicerates. The lateral lips of Solifugae contribute to the ventral face of the rostrosoma and the two lips of the mouth opening. In Solifugae, the ventral rostrosoma also includes a sclerite that might derive from a tritosternum. In Pseudoscorpiones, the lateral lips remain independent of the rostrosoma, they interlock ventral to the rostrosoma forming a perioral space. Here, the rostrosoma has an unpaired ventral lip of unresolved morphological origin, which is, however, clearly distinct from the lateral lips of Solifugae. The pharyngeal suction pump differs in all three clades in attachment, number of muscles and origin of muscles. We interpret the data as evidence for independent, parallel evolution of elements of the ground pattern of the (eu)chelicerate mouth parts. Based on the morphological elements of a common euchelicerate ground plan, the rostrosoma evolved independently in the three clades. We reject earlier hypotheses that consider the rostrosoma a character to support a phylogenetic relationship of the three clades.

Morphology, microscopic anatomy and bacterial inhibition of extracts of Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara plants growing in Lang Sen Wetland Reserve, Long An province, Vietnam

The study aimed to supplement data on a plant that was considered a folk medicine of Vietnam. Morphological and microscopic anatomical characteristics of this species which were adapted to the frequently flooded habitat of the reserve was studied and analyzed. Alcoholic extracts of each stem, leaf and root part were recovered using a rotary evaporator. The inhibitory ability on bacterial strains including Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Escherichia coli was tested through agar plate diffusion method. The result showed that the stem and leaf extracts were effective against all three bacterial strains, while the root extracts had no effect against E. coli.

Dietary Selenium reduces the toxic effect of Mercury on different organs (Brain, Gills, Kidney and Liver) of Rohu fish (Labeo rohita)

Because of improbably high partiality with antioxidant selenium to mercury, selenium isolates mercury and reduces its biological handiness to organisms. The present study investigates the effect of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) on the fingerling of Labeo rohita. The various sub-lethal concentrations of Hg i.e. 0.125µg/g, 0.250µg/g, and 0.500µg/g was used and incorporated in diet with a commercial diet (fish meal 40%, soya bean 33%, 3 % of vitamins premix, mineral premix and oil each and rice polish 18%). To understand how selenium reduces the toxic effect of mercury, fingerlings were exposed with 6ug/g Se singly and combined with doses of Hg. The effect of these heavy metals was observed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours in different organs of (Brain, Gills, Kidney and Liver) of Labeo rohita. The organs of exposed rohu showed significant changes in their microscopic anatomy in comparison to control. Prominent changes were observed in Hg treatments and found embody shrinkage of capillary, and dilation of the hollow lumen. In addition to the aforementioned changes vacuolation, peeling, hydropic swelling, and hyaline degeneration of hollow epithelium were also observed. Cysts and hamorrhage developed additionally seem in the organs of fish. Length of exposure seems to own a profound impact on organs because the increase in length of exposure enhanced the severity of histopathological damages. However, combined doses of metals cause reduction in the toxicity of mercury results in decrease damage in the shrinkage of capillary and dilation of the hollow lumen. During histological study vacuolation, hydropic swelling, and hyaline degeneration of hollow epithelium were also reduced. In Hg, the lethal concentration (LC50) was 0.374ug/g while when Hg and Se were combined, LC50 drops to 0.491ug/g. Results of this study suggest that exposure to Se helps to scale back the impact of mercury on mortality and different organs of Labeo rohita fingerling.

Review Article on Evalution of Endometriosis Disorder

Endometriosis may be a unwellness of adolescents and reproductive-aged ladies characterised by the presence of mucosa tissue outside the cavity and normally related to chronic girdle pain and physiological condition. Recent Findings Early age at start, shorter discharge length, and taller height ar related to the next risk of adenomyosis whereas parity, higher body mass index (BMI), and smoking ar related to reduced risk. adenomyosis usually presents as physiological condition or continuing girdle pain despite treatment with analgesics and cyclic oral contraceptive pill pills. pathology is characterised by the presence of mucous membrane tissues outside the female internal reproductive organ. It affects females in their procreative years, and will be associate degree estrogen-dependent condition. The calculable prevalence of adenomyosis within the general population is as high as increased , and is accumulated in females with subfertility. The diagnosing of pathology is typically suspected clinically and confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound or resonance imaging of the pelvis. The gold normal of diagnosing is surgical visual examination of the girdle organs by associate degree experienced physician throughout laparotomy. A positive microscopic anatomy can make sure the diagnosis; but, a negative microscopic anatomy doesn't exclude it. liquid body substance cancer antigen-125 levels is also accumulated in ladies with adenomyosis, however, it's a poor diagnostic tool compared to laparotomy. The management of adenomyosis depends on whether or not the first drawback is pain or subfertility. Keywords: Introduction of Endometriosis, Pathology, Pain Infertility, Diagnosis, Management, Sign, symptoms, Treatment .

Microscopic Anatomy of the Lining of Hemal Spaces in the Penaeid Shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis

The purpose of this paper is to present a morphological description of three different types of acellular material lining hemal spaces in a shrimp, providing a background for addressing future questions. The vasculature of the penaeid shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis, includes vessels leading from the heart into arteries which branch and expand into sinuses before returning hemolymph back to the heart. Early work showed that an endothelium was absent, and a basement membrane (BM) separated tissues from the hemolymph. Therefore, it was suggested that hemocytes could identify anything other than the BM as a “foreign” entity. This study demonstrates three major types of acellular material lining the hemal spaces of S. ingentis. Cardiomyocytes, digestive gland tubules, and abdominal muscle fibers are covered by BMs. Major arteries are lined by a fibrillin-like fibrous material. Finally, sheaths of collagenous connective tissues cover the heart and digestive gland as well as the outer surface of arteries, the gut, and gonad. Our understanding of hemocyte receptors and extracellular matrices in general have greatly expanded but the biochemical composition of the matrices lining crustacean hemal spaces, their role in regulating nutrient uptake, and the cells responsible for their deposition deserve further attention.

Report on the activities of the Society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University for 1910

The past year is the 19th year of the Society's life. By arranging scientific meetings and publishing a special journal "Neurological Bulletin", the Society contributed to the development of questions on anatomy, microscopic anatomy, nervous physiology, psychology, neuropathology and psychiatry with the pathological anatomy of the toxicity of nervous and mental and forensic disorders,

Marcello Malpighi: the nervous system under a microscope

ABSTRACT The longstanding study of gross anatomy experienced a considerable improvement with the advent of the microscope in the early 17th century. The representative personality of this new era certainly was Marcello Malpighi, seen as “founder of microscopic anatomy”. He studied, with a rudimentary compound microscope, numerous tissues and organs of several classes of animals, as well as plants. He described, for the first time, the microscopic structure of the nervous system, identifying in the gray matter of its various levels minute elements he took as “glands”. It should be reminded that the concept of “cell” (and “nerve cell”) was unknown at his time. Many researchers followed, performing microscopic studies, but without better results, and Malpighi’s view was maintained until the beginning of the 19th century, when new histological processing and staining techniques appeared, as well as improved microscopes.