Wood and Bark Anatomy of Lauraceae IV. Dahlgrenodendron J.J.M. Van Der Merwe ' Van Wyk

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Richter ◽  
A. E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Initial Assignment ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Fruit Structure

The southem African tree, Dahlgrenodendron natalense, previously ascribed to the genus Beilschmiedia was recently segregated as a monotypic genus, Dahlgrenodendron, on account of its distinctive exomorphology, palynology and fruit structure. Dahlgrenodendron differs from Beilschmiedia in nearly all quantitative and qualitative features of wood and bark anatomy. The overall structural pattern of these tissues does not support the initial assignment of Dahlgrenodendron to the tribe Cryptocaryeae, nor does it fit any other lauraceous taxon. Within Lauraceae, an isolated non-aligned status is provisionally proposed for the genus.

The Axis Feature: Illusionary Effects on Children's Judgments of Length

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-722
Author(s):  
Anat Scher
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Different Diameters

The effect of the position of lines on length estimation was investigated. 40 5-yr.-olds were asked to compare the two arms of an L-shaped figure presented inside circular frames of different diameters. For each figure one of the arms was on the axis, that is, the diameter, and the other arm was perpendicular to that axis. In making perceptual judgments about the relative length of two lines the children tended to describe the on-axis line as longer than the off-axis line. This illusion which, presumably, reflects a perceptual force induced by the characteristics of the structural pattern, supports the context model of visual anomalies.

Paralypusa, a new genus of the family Lypusidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from China

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Lvovsky
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
The Family

A new eastern-palaearctic monotypic genus of the gelechioid moths, Paralypusa gen. nov., is established for the Chinese species Paralypusa chinensis (Lvovsky, 2010), comb. nov. This genus is considered closely related to Lypusa Zeller, 1852 on the base of several synapomorphies. However Paralypusa also shares some features with the genera Pseudatemelia Rebel, 1910 and Amphisbatis Zeller, 1870. Its transitional state confirms the belonging of all the aforementioned genera to one family and synonymy of the Lypusidae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857 and Amphisbatidae Spuler, 1910 (Nieukerken et al., 2011).

Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Antiinflammatory and Analgesic O-Benzyloxime Compounds Derived From Natural Eugenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166
Author(s):  
Rodrigo César da Silva ◽  
Fabiano Veiga ◽  
Fabiana Cardoso Vilela ◽  
André Victor Pereira ◽  
Thayssa Tavares da Silva Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Cox 1

Background: : A new series of O-benzyloximes derived from eugenol was synthesized and was evaluated for its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: : The target compounds were obtained in good global 25-28% yields over 6 steps, which led us to identify compounds (Z)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one-O-(4- (methylthio)benzyloxime (8b), (Z)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one-O-4- bromobenzyloxime (8d) and (Z)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one-O-4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyloxime (8f) as promising bioactive prototypes. Results:: These compounds have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by formalin-induced mice paw edema and carrageenan-induced mice paw edema tests. In the formalin test, compounds 8b and 8f evidenced both anti-inflammatory and direct analgesic activities and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema, with compounds 8c, 8d, and 8f showing the best inhibitory effects, exceeding the standard drugs indomethacin and celecoxib. Conclusion: : Molecular docking studies have provided additional evidence that the pharmacological profile of these compounds may be related to inhibition of COX enzymes, with slight preference for COX-1. These results led us to identify the new O-benzyloxime ethers 8b, 8d and 8f as orally bioactive prototypes, with a novel structural pattern capable of being explored in further studies aiming at their optimization and development as drug candidates.

NOTE ON TWO UMBELLIFERAE TAXA OF SOUTH-EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN, INVALIDLY PUBLISHED BY M. S. BAJTENOV, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"

2012 ◽  
pp. 650-658
Author(s):  
М.Г. ПИМЕНОВ ◽  
E.V. KLJUYKOV ◽  
G.V. DEGTJAREVA
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
New Material ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

New material on a rare species Silaum saxatilis (Umbelliferae) from southern limit of the Dzungarian Alatau (South-Eastern Kazakhstan) allowed to describe the structure of its fruits. The species is assigned to a distinct monotypic genus Tschulaktavia, the generic name was proposed by M. S. Bajtenov and validated here. Another speciens described by Bajtenov, Stenotaenia iliensis, is synonymized with Hyalolaena tshuiliensis. The genus Stenotaenia does not occus in Kazakhstan and the Middle Asia. 658

scholarly journals Structural relation matching: an algorithm to identify structural patterns into RNAs and their interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Quadrini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Thermus Thermophilus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Rna Molecules

Abstract RNA molecules play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their three-dimensional configurations determine the functions and, in turn, influences the interaction with other molecules. RNAs and their interaction structures, the so-called RNA–RNA interactions, can be abstracted in terms of secondary structures, i.e., a list of the nucleotide bases paired by hydrogen bonding within its nucleotide sequence. Each secondary structure, in turn, can be abstracted into cores and shadows. Both are determined by collapsing nucleotides and arcs properly. We formalize all of these abstractions as arc diagrams, whose arcs determine loops. A secondary structure, represented by an arc diagram, is pseudoknot-free if its arc diagram does not present any crossing among arcs otherwise, it is said pseudoknotted. In this study, we face the problem of identifying a given structural pattern into secondary structures or the associated cores or shadow of both RNAs and RNA–RNA interactions, characterized by arbitrary pseudoknots. These abstractions are mapped into a matrix, whose elements represent the relations among loops. Therefore, we face the problem of taking advantage of matrices and submatrices. The algorithms, implemented in Python, work in polynomial time. We test our approach on a set of 16S ribosomal RNAs with inhibitors of Thermus thermophilus, and we quantify the structural effect of the inhibitors.

A desert songbird with no confamilials in the Western Hemisphere (Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps) investigates divergent conspecific songs

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma I Greig ◽  
Eva Kinnebrew ◽  
Max L Witynski ◽  
Eric C Larsen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Playback Experiment ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Song Variation ◽  
Desert Regions ◽  
Close Relatives

Abstract Most birds that show geographic variation in their songs discriminate between local and foreign songs, which may help them avoid unnecessary conflicts with vagrant individuals or similar-sounding congeners. However, some species respond equally to foreign and local songs, which may be useful if foreign individuals present territorial threats or if there are no sympatric congeners to avoid. Species without sympatric congeners are not commonly tested in playback studies, but they offer an opportunity to see how song variation and recognition unfolds when the pressure to avoid similar congeners is absent. Here, we use Verdins (Auriparus flaviceps), a monotypic genus of songbird with no confamilials in North America, to explore song variation and recognition in a species living without close relatives. We assessed geographic variation in song across the Verdin range and conducted a playback experiment using exemplars from 2 acoustically divergent and geographically distant regions as treatments. We found significant geographic variation in song that mapped well onto ecologically distinct desert regions. We found that Verdins had stronger vocal responses to local-sounding songs, but had equal movement responses to local-sounding and foreign songs. These results are similar to results found in other species without sympatric congeners and provide an example of a species that investigates acoustically divergent conspecific songs, despite recognizing salient differences in those songs.

Wood and Bark Anatomy of Lauraceae. ii. Licaria Aublet

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Georg Richter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Structural Profile ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Bark Anatomy

Qualitative features of the secondary xylem of Licaria present a rather uniform structural profile. Constant differences in primarily quantitative characters lead to the formation of speeies groups wh ich loosely correspond to infrageneric sections based on floral and vegetative morphology. This subdivision is strongly corroborated by the highly variable secondary phloem structurc revealing considerable diversity in type and distribution of sc1erenchymatic tissues. Inorganic inclusions in the secondary xylem, crystals and silica, constitute an important diagnostic tool for differentiating certain species and species groups, but are hardly of importance in the bark.

A new species of the previously monotypic genus Iningainema (Cyanobacteria, Scytonemataceae) from the Western Ghats, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yevhen Maltsev ◽  
Elena Kezlya ◽  
Svetlana Maltseva ◽  
Balasubramanian Karthick ◽  
Petr Dvořák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
A New Species
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