"The Image of the Arab in American Films in the First Half of the Twentieth Century." In Arab-American Relations: Towards a Bright Future, Sami A. Khasawnih, ed., 139-54

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Maria Fyodorova

The main subject of the article is progress as a concept and as a political practice. Starting from the idea of a close relationship between the historical and political sections of the social consciousness of the era, the author shows how the emergence and evolution of the concept of progress in the modern era influenced the formation of political practices in the era of modernity through the creation of political projects within the framework of various ideologies. It is shown that changes in the perception of historical time in the second half of the twentieth century led to a significant transformation in the understanding of progress and its transformation from one of the central categories into “myth”, “utopia”, etc. and, accordingly, to the modification of political practices. Today's progressivism is a very complex interweaving of political concepts and practices that are gradually losing their historical optimism and are turned rather not to creating a utopian project for a bright future, but to developing specific programs to minimize the risks of modern civilization.


Author(s):  
Carol N. Fadda

This chapter discusses the history of the Arab American novel, which dates back to the early part of the twentieth century. Since the 1990s, the genre has been flourishing at a rapid pace. Today, there are roughly 3.6 million Arab Americans in the United States, many of whom come from the Levant area. After providing a brief historical background on Arab immigration, the chapter traces the development of the Arab American novel during the three main literary periods: early twentieth century, 1930s–1960s, and late 1960s/early 1970s–the present. It cites novels that portray border crossings and transnational mobility among multiple Arab and US locations, as well as works that tackle anti-Arab racism and Islamophobia before and after 9/11.


Author(s):  
Paul Petrovic

Petrovic asserts that The War Within (directed by Joseph Castrello based on a screenplay by Tom Glynn and the Pakistani American actor-writer Ayad Akhtar who also plays the lead role in the film and went on to win the Pulitzer Prize for his play Disgraced [2013]) and Hesham Issawi’s AmericanEast are two of very few American films to centralise the experience of American Muslim lives in their narratives and portray their characters with a sense of humanity and cultural sensitivity instead of crudely drawn caricatures.


Author(s):  
Michael Malek Najjar

Arab-American Theater is a general term that describes plays and performances by Americans of Arab descent written in Arabic and/or English from the early twentieth century onward. This modernist movement breaks from Arab performance modes such as storytelling (hakawati), improvised poetry (zajal), and traditional dance forms (raqs-al-sharqi). These playwrights have adopted modern playwriting styles that combine Arab and Arab-American subject matter with American playwriting forms such as monodramas and one-act and two-act Realist plays. Although these plays are not generally experimental in nature, there is no doubt that the early Arab American playwrights Kahlil Gibran, Ameen Fares Rihani, and Mikhail Naimy all contributed to what is known as al-Nahda, or the modern Arabic literary renaissance, which had a lasting impact on Arab arts and letters throughout the twentieth century. These plays are also forms of resistance literature that serve as protest against colonialist and neo-imperialist actions undertaken by foreign powers against Arab nations. Lastly, these plays are forms of what sociologists Omi and Winant call ‘cultural nationalism’—that is, a community focus on cultural elements that define collective identity and ‘peoplehood.’ Arab-American Theater has contributed to a re-articulation of Arab American identity that emphasizes hybridity and dual allegiances.


Author(s):  
Rosina Hassoun

Through pioneering research into nineteenth- and twentieth-century Arab American cemeteries, this chapter overlays shifting approaches to burial onto three broad phases of Christian and Muslim Arab immigration to America. Like other immigrants these newcomers buried along denominational lines, whether Catholic, Orthodox Christianity, or Sunni and Shi’a Islam. They also did so in separate sections of extant grounds or later in independent cemeteries as Arab Americans gained communal numbers and means. Looking to the nation’s largest Arab population centers, this chapter traces a rich array of Arab American cemeteries and offers a unique lens to explore communal dynamics among Muslim and Christian Arabs as they intersected with immigration policy, family, socio-economic standing, and a larger sense of rootedness to American society over time.


2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Amina Inloes

Teaching Arabs, Writing Self traces Evelyn Shakir’s evolution from a buddingstudent of canon English literature who was desperately trying to “becomewhite” to her epiphany that stories from her own working-class immigrantneighborhood might be of equal worth. There, she found her unique niche bybecoming an author and scholar of Arab-American literature who helped gainrecognition for this literature as a genre, and who helped readers see ArabAmericans as people rather than stereotypes.Shakir divides her memoirs into three sections. In the first, she reflectson her childhood during an era that frowned upon diversity. Like many immigrantchildren, she turns up her nose at the “wrong” foods: “Bread withpockets. Hummus and tabouli. ‘Don’t put that stuff in my lunch box,’ I said”(p. 8). She even goes so far as to join a Methodist church whose quiet, orderlysimplicity seems more “American” than her family’s ritualistic but expressiveOrthodox church. Acculturated to the “Protestant disdain for Eastern churchesand, by extension, for the East itself,” only later does she develop “[a]n inklingthat there might be treasures I had turned my back on. That I might not alwayshave to be ashamed” (p. 13).In this section, we see the historical value of Shakir’s work not only as apersonal memoir, but also as an account of twentieth-century Americana. Bornin 1938, she offers a rare narrative voice of that era – that of a Lebanese-American and a woman; a handful of personal photos literally offer a rareglimpse into the society of Arab-American women. Many of her childhoodmemories center on Boston’s nearby Revere Beach, which boasted “slot machinesspitting out weight, fortune, photos of Rita Hayworth,” “Dodgems (‘nohead-on collisions’ but we did),” and “clams in a Fryolator … corn poppingfrantic in a display case … frozen custard (banana my favorite) spirallingthick-tongued into waffle cones, then dipped headfirst in jimmies” (p. 32).Her true claim to Americanhood is that her uncle ran the beach’s “glitzy” Cycloneroller coaster, which “gave me bragging rights among my friends andhelped situate me closer to the American norm that was always just beyondmy reach” (p. 29). The Cyclone was so important to the beach’s identity thatits closure in 1969 signaled the demise of the beach itself. “It’s those cars thattell the story,” she recollects. “As soon as masses of people could afford them,Revere lost its reason for being” (p. 43) ...


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