scholarly journals Between the Nile and the Red Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Julien Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Red Sea Hills

Abstract The Medjay were a group of desert nomads inhabiting the region between the Nile and the Red Sea contemporaneous to the Bronze Age of Ancient Egypt (c. 3100-1050 bce). Well-known from textual sources from Pharaonic Egypt and Kushite Nubia, it has proven difficult to produce basic societal descriptions of the Medjay and their political status, especially in their desert heartland. Most studies dedicated to the Medjay evaluate their presence as a nomadic diaspora and emigres on the Nile or focus on their interaction with the Ancient Egyptian state. These approaches place little emphasis on their indigenous geography and nomadic heritage in the Red Sea Hills. This study takes a very different tact and attempts to reconstruct some basic information on their political geography in their indigenous homeland. Although the sources, both textual and archaeological, are currently scarce regarding a Second Millennium bce desert occupation, they do demonstrate complex arrangements between Medjay political actors and nearby states. Particularly notable was the ability of individual tribes to enact varying policies of entente, détente, and aggression towards their Nile neighbours as well as exercise de facto sovereignty over a wealthy desert consistently threatened by Egyptian and Kushite imperialism.

BEFORE THE IMF: THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF UNINTENTIONAL STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN ANCIENT EGYPT

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractDebate about states and markets in the Bronze Age world has directed attention away from their roles and thus away from the way these economies functioned. The ancient Egyptian state assigned fields to its dependents and stimulated demand by spending and taxation. Markets and market forces were responsible for the allocation and distribution of materials in the ancient Near East from the end of the third millennium. Growth did not result from technological improvement or market competition so much as from demand stimulus, as in the modern world, suggesting that demand is more important than supply.

scholarly journals Striking Cobra Spitting Fire

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Kasia Szpakowska
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Ancient Egyptian

Abstract In this paper, a working definition and examples of “demonic paraphernalia” are provided, as well as methods of recognition. Besides being of interest in and of themselves, these types of objects provide clues as to the nature of the demons, thus helping us in our quest for a taxonomy and “demonology” of Ancient Egypt. More specifically, this paper focuses on the use of Late Bronze Age clay cobra figurines as a case-study for the broader exploration of Ancient Egyptian “demonic paraphernalia”.

Un(der)employment in Bronze Age Egypt: Anachronism or Insight?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-258
Author(s):  
David A. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agrarian Economies

Abstract Based on the productivity of ancient Egyptian agriculture, a discussion of economic theory, per capita GDP, economic growth, and agrarian economies through history, this paper tries to isolate the relative roles of land, labor, and grain in the economy of Ancient Egypt. There is little room for full employment in an agrarian economy; in Bronze Age Egypt the labor of a small fraction of the population would have sufficed to nourish all. Aside from services, an agrarian economy cannot expand employment much. Increasing productivity is counter-productive and none of the wealthy agrarian economies grew organically into an industrial economy. Govert van Driel pointed out that in agrarian ancient Mesopotamia there was no place for the market or silver, although both were present (as is claimed for Egypt). Overcapacity, trade, underemployment, and finance allow an understanding of the ancient economies, economics and economic growth; the impact of using modern economic thought based on production (and not economic behavior and activity) results in a flawed theory that must be revised.

scholarly journals The first reported case of the rare mitochondrial haplotype H4a1 in ancient Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Drosou ◽  
Thomas C. Collin ◽  
Peter J. Freeman ◽  
Robert Loynes ◽  
Tony Freemont
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Depth Of Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Southern Iberia ◽  
Archaeological Sciences

Abstract Takabuti, was a female who lived in ancient Egypt during the 25th Dynasty, c.660 BCE. Her mummified remains were brought to Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1834 and are currently displayed in the Ulster Museum. To gain insight into Takabuti’s ancestry, we used deep sampling of vertebral bone, under X-ray control, to obtain non-contaminated bone tissue from which we extracted ancient DNA (aDNA) using established protocols. We targeted the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), known to be highly informative for human ancestry, and identified 38 single nucleotide variants using next generation sequencing. The specific combination of these SNVs suggests that Takabuti belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup H4a1. Neither H4 nor H4a1 have been reported in ancient Egyptian samples, prior to this study. The modern distribution of H4a1 is rare and sporadic and has been identified in areas including the Canary Islands, southern Iberia and the Lebanon. H4a1 has also been reported in ancient samples from Bell Beaker and Unetice contexts in Germany, as well as Bronze Age Bulgaria. We believe that this is an important finding because first, it adds to the depth of knowledge about the distribution of the H4a1 haplogroup in existing mtDNA, thus creating a baseline for future occurrences of this haplogroup in ancient Egyptian remains. Second, it is of great importance for archaeological sciences, since a predominantly European haplogroup has been identified in an Egyptian individual in Southern Egypt, prior to the Roman and Greek influx (332BCE).

scholarly journals The Veneti the Heirs to the Minoans

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
P.V. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Self ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article is devoted to the problem of the origin of various groups of the Veneti, known in historiography, based on data from archaeology, linguistics, and anthropology. Toponymic markers-ethnonyms use as the most important evidence of possible residence and subsequent spatial movements of tribes. It is justified that these geographical names appear, as a rule, when ethnic groups move to a new territory with an alien autochthonous population. The toponyms, ethnonyms provide an opportunity to identify areas of distribution and possible migration routes of the tribes. The article explores issues related to the migration of the Veneti during the Bronze Age disaster from the Northwestern part of the Asia Minor peninsula to Europe. It is justified that the Western Anatolian cultures created under the significant influence of the Minoan culture and the Veneti are among its successors. There is evidence that the self-name of the Minoans could be the ethnonym associated with the custom of painting the bodies of men in red. Evidence provided the trade of Ancient Egypt with the land of Rutenu (Ruzenu) could conducted with the Minoans and they could establish ports on the coast of the Levant, which became famous at afterwards.

scholarly journals THE HUMAN-HEADED BIRD FIGURE IN PAINTING FROM THE BRONZE AGE TO EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-200
Author(s):  
Rania Elhelw
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Bronze Age

The avian humanoids always seemed like fantastical creatures that mediate between heaven and earth by having human and avian features together. They mostly referred to the souls lingering between the living and the divine. There are many types of them, and this paper is specifically concerned about the human-headed bird imagery; and how it is depicted in different ways and what are their symbolic meanings in many cultures. This specific imagery appeared in many different mythologies along history; such as the ‘Ba’ in the Ancient Egyptian, ‘Sirens’ and ‘Harpies’ in the Greek and the Byzantium, the ‘Humayun’ in the Mesopotamian and perhaps in the Islamic too; and eventually, the ‘Alkonost’, the ‘Sirin’, and the ‘Gamayun’ in the Slavic mythology. An analytical comparative study of this imagery in different mythologies and in the paintings by different artists, such as P. Rubens, J. Pasch, V. Vasnetsov, and M. Vrubel; will be followed.

scholarly journals Proto-Surgery in Ancient Egypt

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Ancient Mesopotamia ◽  
The Bronze Age

This article investigates the evidence we have for the existence of proto-surgery in ancient Egypt during the Dynastic Period (c.3200 - 323 BC). Climate and chance have preserved medical literature as well as paleoarcheological specimens and these artefacts, along with extant Greek and Roman treatises appear to support the conclusion that protosurgery was practised in ancient Egypt (the prefix proto- designates an original or early form). Elements of proto-surgical development including analgesia and sedation, the incision, trephination, proto-surgery of trauma, mythical proto-surgery and antisepsis, drawing on primary sources, surviving artefacts and modern commentary are discussed. Where appropriate comparisons are made with proto-surgery in ancient Mesopotamia and the Bronze Age Aegean.

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John A Atkinson ◽  
Camilla Dickson ◽  
Jane Downes ◽  
Paul Robins ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Short Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

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