Sinopean Imports on the Black Sea Littoral of South-West Georgia

Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Bingölbali ◽  
Halid Jafali ◽  
Adem Akpınar ◽  
Serkan Bekiroğlu

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 585-585

"I am returned after an absence of nearly six months, during which I have been travelling in the Danubian Principalities, in Turkey in Europe, and along the south-west and north coasts of the Black Sea, in order to make magnetic observations, and to determine more accurately the geographical position, as well as the magnetic declination, of many points of the coast.”


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Ilie Răsvan DUMITRU

  The present paper analyzes the projection of Russia's economic and military power in the Black Sea region, seen both in terms of its huge resources and as a way of projecting military power in the coastal States and the Eastern Mediterranean. The energy perspective is important in Russia's geopolitics, and the Black Sea region is perceived by it as the point of confluence of several globalist interests, in which Russia desires not only to be a mediator, but the decisive pivot to impose regional policy. Creating an energy dependency of the West on Russian resources represents a well-defined political goal in the Russian strategy. Russian gas is thus becoming a Trojan horse, by which Russia can influence European policies, this energy instrument being complemented by other powerful instruments aimed at undermining or diminishing NATO's role in Eastern Europe. Russian interests are concentrating firstly on the desire to maintain different levels of political and economic influence in each coastal State, to maintain the Black Sea under control for oil or gas exports and other maritime transport through Novorossiysk port as well as preventing a security deficit toward NATO that could threaten the South-West flank of Kremlin. In pursuing these interests, Russia's strategy is based on the use of political, diplomatic, information and economic instruments, which are supported by an increasingly credible military capacity, analyzed and explained in this paper.   Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war; Crimea; energy weapon; Black Sea


Author(s):  
Т.В. Гиоргобиани

В статье рассмотрены условия формирования складчатой системы Большого Кавказа в альпийскую эпоху. Показано, что главная зональная линейная складчатая структура региона была сформирована на ранне- и среднеальпийской стадиях развития в результате проявления батской и пиренейской фаз складчатости. Установлено, что причиной складкообразования было активное столкновение Черноморско-Закавказского микроконтинента на юго-западе с пассивной окраиной Большого Кавказа. Определено, что позднеальпийская стадия в регионе проходила в условиях субмеридионального тангенциального давления, во время проявления плиоцен-четвертичных фаз складчатости. В это время на Большой Кавказ воздействовал не целостный Черноморско-Закавказский микроконтинент, а слагающие его мелкие плиты и блоки-шоли. Выяснено, что они в процессе тектогенеза перемещались и косо вдвигались в складчатую систему Большого Кавказа, вызывая преобразование первичной структуры и возникновение интерференционной складчатости. В результате повторного деформирования отдельных участков региона в его пределах образовалась неоднородная складчатая структура. Изучена основная особенность складчатой системы Большого Кавказа, выраженная структурной неоднородностью складчатости в поперечном и продольном направлениях. Установлено, что она отражает поэтапную и разноплановую деформацию отдельных участков, возникающую в результате последовательного проявления в регионе локальной и региональной геодинамики микроконтинента, а также связанных с ними общих и частных механизмов его формирования. Структурный анализ морфологии складчатости БК действительно показал неравномерную дислоцированность его – С-З и Ю-В сегментов, сложенных в основном ранне- и среднеальпийскими структурами, выраженную в разной степени осложненности коллизионными деформациями. Так, в пределах мальм-эоценового структурного этажа С-З Кавказа, раннеальпийская структура которого меньше всех остальных сегментов усложнена коллизионными деформациями, четко проявлена латеральная асимметричная зональность его складчатой структуры.  Она выражена в последовательной смене с юго-запада на северо-восток интенсивной линейной сильно сжатой складчатости линейными гребневидными, а затем слабо вытянутыми типичными брахиморфными складками, переходящими, в свою очередь, в полого наклонную на северо-восток моноклиналь The article considers the conditions of formation of folded system of the Greater Caucasus in the Alpine Epoch. It is shown that main zonal linear folded structure of the region was formed at the early and middle Alpine stages of the evolution in the result of manifestation of Bathonian and Pyrenean stages of folding. It was established that the cause of the folding was an active collision of the Black Sea-Transcaucasian microcontinent in the south-west with the passive margin of the Greater Caucasus. It was also determined that the Late Alpine stage in the region took place under the conditions ofsubmeridional tangential stress, during the Pliocene-Quarternary folding phases. During this period the Greater Caucasus was affected not by the whole Black Sea-Transcaucasian microcontinent, but by its smaller plates and blocks. It was found out that during the process of tectogenesis they drifted and obliquely moved into the folded system of the Greater Caucasus, causing the transformation of the initial structure and the occurrence of interferential folding. In the result of repeated deformation of separate areas of the region the heterogeneous folded structure was formed. The main feature of the folded structures of the Greater Caucasus (expressed by a structural heterogeny in transversal and longitudinal directions) was studied. It was determined that it reflects the gradual and diverse deformation of individual sections, resulting from the consistent manifestation of the local and regional geodynamics of the microcontinent, as well as the common and specific mechanisms of its formation associated with them. The structural analysis of the morphology of folding of the Great Caucasus really showed its uneven dislocation, i.e. the N-W and S-E of the segments, composed mainly of early and middle Alpine structures, expressed in varying degrees of complication by collisional deformations. So, within the Malm-Eocene structural floor of the northwestern Caucasus, the Early Alpine structure of which is less than all the other segments, is complicated by collimated deformations, the lateral asymmetric zonality of its folded structure is clearly manifested. It is expressed in a successive change from the south-west to the north-east of intensive linear highly compressed folding with linear ridge-like, and then slightly elongated typical brachymorphic folds, which turn into a hollow sloping to the north-east monocline


Author(s):  
V. А. Grintsov

Specimens from genus Caprella (Amphipoda, Caprellidae) were revealed in fouling of constructions of oyster sea farm near coastal zone of Sevastopol (Crimea, the Black Sea) in 2018. Morphologically specimens of this species are close to the species C. equilibra Say, 1818. Earlier specimens of this species were not found in the Black Sea. Stable population of this species (adult males, adult females, juvenile specimens) were investigated from 2018 till 2020. Morphology of adult males, adult females including microtrichs was investigated. Information on ecology of this species is present.


1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C2) ◽  
pp. C2-445-C2-448
Author(s):  
D. Barb ◽  
L. Diamandescu ◽  
M. Morariu ◽  
I. I. Georgescu

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