The Introduction of Mathematical Statistics into Medical Research: The Roles of Karl Pearson, Major Greenwood and Austin Bradford Hill

2002 ◽  
pp. 95-123 ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Watson

The observations described in this paper were carried out as a preliminary to a systematic study of the influence of dietetic factors on resistance to infection. The enquiry was initiated under the general direction of Prof. W. W. C. Topley of this School, and Prof. E. P. Cathcart of the University of Glasgow, and has been financed by a grant from the Medical Research Council. It was desired that all aspects of the problem, dietetic, immunological and statistical, should receive full and careful consideration at each stage of the investigation, and that any significant results, positive or negative, should be checked and controlled on a scale that would supply a firm foundation for further studies. To this end, a small advisory committee was formed, soon after the enquiry started, on which Prof. M. Greenwood, Prof. J. C. Drummond, Prof. Edward Mellanby, Dr Harriette Chick, Dr Bradford Hill and Dr Joyce Wilson kindly consented to serve. To all the above, I wish to express my thanks for help and advice. I wish also to acknowledge my indebtedness to Miss J. M. Hatswell for her assistance throughout the greater part of this work.


Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.


1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. J. Brown

From this issue, Clinical Science will increase its page numbers from an average of 112 to 128 per monthly issue. This welcome change — equivalent to at least two manuscripts — has been ‘forced’ on us by the increasing pressure on space; this has led to an undesirable increase in the delay between acceptance and publication, and to a fall in the proportion of submitted manuscripts we have been able to accept. The change in page numbers will instead permit us now to return to our exceptionally short interval between acceptance and publication of 3–4 months; and at the same time we shall be able not only to accept (as now) those papers requiring little or no revision, but also to offer hope to some of those papers which have raised our interest but come to grief in review because of a major but remediable problem. Our view, doubtless unoriginal, has been that the review process, which is unusually thorough for Clinical Science, involving a specialist editor and two external referees, is most constructive when it helps the evolution of a good paper from an interesting piece of research. Traditionally, the papers in Clinical Science have represented some areas of research more than others. However, this has reflected entirely the pattern of papers submitted to us, rather than any selective interest of the Editorial Board, which numbers up to 35 scientists covering most areas of medical research. Arguably, after the explosion during the last decade of specialist journals, the general journal can look forward to a renaissance in the 1990s, as scientists in apparently different specialities discover that they are interested in the same substances, asking similar questions and developing techniques of mutual benefit to answer these questions. This situation arises from the trend, even among clinical scientists, to recognize the power of research based at the cellular and molecular level to achieve real progress, and at this level the concept of organ-based specialism breaks down. It is perhaps ironic that this journal, for a short while at the end of the 1970s, adopted — and then discarded — the name of Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine, since this title perfectly represents the direction in which clinical science, and therefore Clinical Science, is now progressing.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (11) ◽  
pp. 967-972
Author(s):  
J. F. Dickson

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (11) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  

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