Caliban and the Black Atlantic: Connections Between Black Intellectuals in Brazil and the Caribbean

Moving Spaces ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 141-157
Keyword(s):  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Black Intellectuals ◽  
The Caribbean

Mapping Diaspora

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia de Santana Pinho
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Black Diaspora ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Black Intellectuals ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Roots Tourism

Brazil, like some countries in Africa, has become a major destination for African American tourists seeking the cultural roots of the black Atlantic diaspora. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic research as well as textual, visual, and archival sources, Patricia de Santana Pinho investigates African American roots tourism, a complex, poignant kind of travel that provides profound personal and collective meaning for those searching for black identity and heritage. It also provides, as Pinho’s interviews with Brazilian tour guides, state officials, and Afro-Brazilian activists reveal, economic and political rewards that support a structured industry. Pinho traces the origins of roots tourism to the late 1970s, when groups of black intellectuals, artists, and activists found themselves drawn especially to Bahia, the state that in previous centuries had absorbed the largest number of enslaved Africans. African Americans have become frequent travelers across what Pinho calls the "map of Africanness" that connects diasporic communities and stimulates transnational solidarities while simultaneously exposing the unevenness of the black diaspora. Roots tourism, Pinho finds, is a fertile site to examine the tensions between racial and national identities as well as the gendered dimensions of travel, particularly when women are the major roots-seekers.

The Age of Garvey

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ewing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Black Intellectuals ◽  
Universal Negro Improvement Association ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
African Descendants ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Interpretation

Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey (1887–1940) organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Harlem in 1917. By the early 1920s, his program of African liberation and racial uplift had attracted millions of supporters, both in the United States and abroad. This book presents an expansive global history of the movement that came to be known as Garveyism. Offering a groundbreaking new interpretation of global black politics between the First and Second World Wars, this book charts Garveyism's emergence, its remarkable global transmission, and its influence in the responses among African descendants to white supremacy and colonial rule in Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States. Delving into the organizing work and political approach of Garvey and his followers, the book shows that Garveyism emerged from a rich tradition of pan-African politics that had established, by the First World War, lines of communication among black intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic. Garvey's legacy was to reengineer this tradition as a vibrant and multifaceted mass politics. The book looks at the people who enabled Garveyism's global spread, including labor activists in the Caribbean and Central America, community organizers in the urban and rural United States, millennial religious revivalists in central and southern Africa, welfare associations and independent church activists in Malawi and Zambia, and an emerging generation of Kikuyu leadership in central Kenya. Moving away from the images of quixotic business schemes and repatriation efforts, the book demonstrates the consequences of Garveyism's international presence and provides a dynamic and unified framework for understanding the movement, during the interwar years and beyond.

scholarly journals Middle Passage to Freedom: Black Atlantic Consciousness in Charles Johnson's Middle Passage and S. I. Martin's Incomparable World

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Nowatzki
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
Physical Mobility ◽  
The Caribbean

Charles Johnson's novel, Middle Passage, and S.I. Martin's novel, Incomparable World, illustrate through mobile, culturally hybrid protagonists Paul Gilroy's notion of Black Atlantic consciousness, which is based on cultural hybridity and physical mobility across the Atlantic between Europe and Africa, America and the Caribbean. I argue that both novels blur the line between freedom and slavery, between oppressed and oppressor, and disrupt the links between blackness and slavery, between mobility and freedom. In both novels the diasporic Black Atlantic experiences privilege masculinity, since neither novel includes black women who can experience the mobility that the male protagonists do.

THE BLACK ATLANTIC MISSIONARY MOVEMENT AND AFRICA, 1780s-1920s

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Killingray
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Black American ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Mission Agencies ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
American Mission ◽  
Mission Field

AbstractOver a period of 150 years African American missionaries sought to spread the Christian Gospel in the 'Black Atlantic' region formed by the Americas, Africa and Britain. Relatively few in number, they have been largely ignored by most historians of mission. As blacks in a world dominated by persistent slavery, ideas of scientific racism and also by colonialism, their lot was rarely a comfortable one. Often called, by a belief in 'divine providence', to the Caribbean and Africa, when employed by white mission agencies they were invariably treated as second-class colleagues. From the late 1870s new African American mission bodies sent men and women to the mission field. However, by the 1920s, black American missionaries were viewed with alarm by the colonial authorities as challenging prevailing racial ideas and they were effectively excluded from most of Africa.

The Caribbean in an International and Regional Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 332-350
Author(s):  
Spencer Mawby
Keyword(s):  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The 1950S

In terms of demography, ecology, culture, and politics, the modern Caribbean is rooted in a hybrid/creole past. This is significant because many theorists have identified the local as the antithesis of the global and parochial sentiment as a key motive for resistance to globalization. The destruction of the indigenous Caribbean society and the repopulation of the islands in the aftermath of the European conquests made the notion of a Black Atlantic diaspora a feature of Caribbean life in the colonial period; Caribbean anticolonialism had a similarly globalist orientation. Caribbean territories witnessed some of the most imaginative (but least successful) schemes for regional federation and inter-island co-operation devised in the 1950s and 1960s. The region was also the site of multiple imperial interests and foreign interventions, which, as this chapter demonstrates, contributed to the ways in which decolonization unfolded.

Making modernity in the hinterlands: new Maroon musics in the Black Atlantic

Popular Music ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bilby
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
New Era ◽  
Anglophone Caribbean ◽  
Plantation Slavery ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Writers

IntroductionBorn in mortal opposition to the peculiarly modern forms of slavery that helped to usher in a new era of European world domination, the Maroon societies of the Americas have long provided theorists of identity operating in the realm that has come to be known as the Black Atlantic with a potent symbolic currency. Nowhere has this currency acquired higher value than in the Caribbean region, where questions of identity are so fundamentally bound up with histories of plantation slavery.The runaway slave has had a special place in the literature of the anglophone Caribbean; and francophone, hispanophone and Dutch-speaking Caribbean writers have all displayed a similar fascination with the Maroon epic. In more recent times, popular music – a medium that has played a primary role in the constitution of a truly diasporic sense of identity spanning the Black Atlantic – has helped to carry consciousness of a heroic Maroon past across the globe. Both practitioners of Caribbean (or other Afro-American) popular musics and those who write about them continue to reference the Maroons of yore, often tracing the rebellious thrust of much of today's music to these original Black warriors, whose defiant spirit, it is felt, continues to inhabit and motivate the collective memory (Aly 1988, pp. 55–7, 65; Zips 1993, 1994; Leymarie 1994).

Worldmaking after Empire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adom Getachew
Keyword(s):  
International Economic Order ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
International Order ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Racial Hierarchy ◽  
Kwame Nkrumah ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Perspective

Decolonization revolutionized the international order during the twentieth century. Yet standard histories that present the end of colonialism as an inevitable transition from a world of empires to one of nations—a world in which self-determination was synonymous with nation-building—obscure just how radical this change was. Drawing on the political thought of anticolonial intellectuals and statesmen such as Nnamdi Azikiwe, W. E. B Du Bois, George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah, Eric Williams, Michael Manley, and Julius Nyerere, this book reveals the full extent of their unprecedented ambition to remake not only nations but the world. The book shows that African, African American, and Caribbean anticolonial nationalists were not solely or even primarily nation-builders. Responding to the experience of racialized sovereign inequality, dramatized by interwar Ethiopia and Liberia, Black Atlantic thinkers and politicians challenged international racial hierarchy and articulated alternative visions of worldmaking. Seeking to create an egalitarian postimperial world, they attempted to transcend legal, political, and economic hierarchies by securing a right to self-determination within the newly founded United Nations, constituting regional federations in Africa and the Caribbean, and creating the New International Economic Order. Using archival sources from Barbados, Trinidad, Ghana, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, this book recasts the history of decolonization, reconsiders the failure of anticolonial nationalism, and offers a new perspective on debates about today's international order.

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