scholarly journals Barriers to Understanding the Epidemiology of Noncommunicable Lung Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Michael O. Harhay ◽  
Davies Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Lung Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. A Community-based Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in Urban Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamilah Meghji ◽  
Gilbert Nadeau ◽  
Kourtney J. Davis ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Moffat J. Nyirenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Distinct lung microbiota associate with HIV-associated chronic lung disease in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Bhadriraju ◽  
Douglas W. Fadrosh ◽  
Meera K. Shenoy ◽  
Din L. Lin ◽  
Kole V. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a common co-morbidity for HIV-positive children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. In this population, distinct airway microbiota may differentially confer risk of CLD. In a cross-sectional study of 202 HIV-infected children aged 6–16 years in Harare, Zimbabwe, we determined the association of sputum microbiota composition (using 16S ribosomal RNA V4 gene region sequencing) with CLD defined using clinical, spirometric, or radiographic criteria. Forty-two percent of children were determined to have CLD according to our definition. Dirichlet multinomial mixtures identified four compositionally distinct sputum microbiota structures. Patients whose sputum microbiota was dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella or Neisseria (HMN) were at 1.5 times higher risk of CLD than those with Streptococcus or Prevotella (SP)-dominated microbiota (RR = 1.48, p = 0.035). Cell-free products of HMN sputum microbiota induced features of epithelial disruption and inflammatory gene expression in vitro, indicating enhanced pathogenic potential of these CLD-associated microbiota. Thus, HIV-positive children harbor distinct sputum microbiota, with those dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella or Neisseria associated with enhanced pathogenesis in vitro and clinical CLD.

scholarly journals Interstitial Lung Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa - A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Swank ◽  
W. Katagira ◽  
T. Siddharthan ◽  
A. Perelas ◽  
L. Rezai Gharai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE EXPOSURE QUESTIONNAIRE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

CHEST Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. A1067
Author(s):  
Peter Jackson ◽  
Trishul Siddharthan ◽  
Eric Moughames ◽  
Natalie Rykiel ◽  
Roma Padalkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Disease Exposure

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of respiratory microbial flora in African children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. Abotsi ◽  
Mark P. Nicol ◽  
Grace McHugh ◽  
Victoria Simms ◽  
Andrea M. Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background HIV-associated chronic lung disease (CLD) is common among children living with HIV (CLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa, including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the pathogenesis of CLD and its possible association with microbial determinants remain poorly understood. We investigated the prevalence, and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Haemophilus influenzae (HI), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MC) among CLWH (established on ART) who had CLD (CLD+), or not (CLD-) in Zimbabwe and Malawi. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) and sputa were collected from CLD+ CLWH (defined as forced-expiratory volume per second z-score < − 1 without reversibility post-bronchodilation with salbutamol), at enrolment as part of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin (BREATHE trial - NCT02426112), and from age- and sex-matched CLD- CLWH. Samples were cultured, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using disk diffusion. Risk factors for bacterial carriage were identified using questionnaires and analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 410 participants (336 CLD+, 74 CLD-) were enrolled (median age, 15 years [IQR = 13–18]). SP and MC carriage in NP were higher in CLD+ than in CLD- children: 46% (154/336) vs. 26% (19/74), p = 0.008; and 14% (49/336) vs. 3% (2/74), p = 0.012, respectively. SP isolates from the NP of CLD+ children were more likely to be non-susceptible to penicillin than those from CLD- children (36% [53/144] vs 11% [2/18], p = 0.036). Methicillin-resistant SA was uncommon [4% (7/195)]. In multivariate analysis, key factors associated with NP bacterial carriage included having CLD (SP: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2 [95% CI 1.1–3.9]), younger age (SP: aOR 3.2 [1.8–5.8]), viral load suppression (SP: aOR 0.6 [0.4–1.0], SA: 0.5 [0.3–0.9]), stunting (SP: aOR 1.6 [1.1–2.6]) and male sex (SA: aOR 1.7 [1.0–2.9]). Sputum bacterial carriage was similar in both groups (50%) and was associated with Zimbabwean site (SP: aOR 3.1 [1.4–7.3], SA: 2.1 [1.1–4.2]), being on ART for a longer period (SP: aOR 0.3 [0.1–0.8]), and hot compared to rainy season (SP: aOR 2.3 [1.2–4.4]). Conclusions CLD+ CLWH were more likely to be colonised by MC and SP, including penicillin-non-susceptible SP strains, than CLD- CLWH. The role of these bacteria in CLD pathogenesis, including the risk of acute exacerbations, should be further studied.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus-Specific Immunoglobulin G is associated with chronic lung disease in children and adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa with perinatal HIV infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hameiri Bowen ◽  
Evgeniya Sovershaeva ◽  
Bethany Charlton ◽  
Cecilie Schive ◽  
Jon Odland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract In a cross-sectional study of 296 perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents from Zimbabwe, individuals with the top tertile of CMV-Specific Immunoglobulin G titre had an increased odds of chronic lung disease (odds ratio 3.33; 95% confidence interval 1.37-8.85; p = 0.010).

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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