scholarly journals The Significance of Eosinophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-968
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Cooper ◽  
Guy Brusselle ◽  
Steven J. Pascoe ◽  
Ian D. Pavord
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals A Refined View of Airway Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Species and Strain-levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Wang ◽  
Haiyue Liu ◽  
Fengyan Wang ◽  
Yuqiong Yang ◽  
Xiaojuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Airway Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype

AbstractLittle is known about the species and strain-level diversity of the airway microbiome, and its implication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the COPD airway microbiome at species and strain-levels. The full-length 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from sputum in 98 stable COPD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls, using the ‘third-generation’ Pacific Biosciences sequencing platform.Individual species within the same genus exhibited reciprocal relationships with COPD and disease severity. Species dominant in health can be taken over by another species within the same genus in GOLD IV patients. Such turnover was also related to enhanced symptoms and exacerbation frequency. Ralstonia mannitolilytica, an opportunistic pathogen, was significantly increased in COPD frequent exacerbators. There were inflammatory phenotype-specific associations of microbiome at the species-level. One group of four pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, were specifically associated with sputum mediators for neutrophilic inflammation. Another group of seven species, including Tropheryma whipplei, showed specific associations with mediators for eosinophilic inflammation. Strain-level detection uncovered three non-typeable H. influenzae strains PittEE, PittGG and 86-028NP in the airway microbiome, where PittGG and 86-028NP abundances may inversely predict eosinophilic inflammation. The full-length 16S data augmented the power of functional inference and led to the unique identification of butyrate-producing and nitrate reduction pathways as significantly depleted in COPD.Our analysis uncovered substantial intra-genus heterogeneity in the airway microbiome associated with inflammatory phenotypes and could be of clinical importance, thus enabled a refined view of the airway microbiome in COPD.“Take-home” messageThe species-level analysis using the ‘third-generation’ sequencing enabled a refined view of the airway microbiome and its relationship with clinical outcome and inflammatory phenotype in COPD.

scholarly journals Sputum microbiome temporal variability and dysbiosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: an analysis of the COPDMAP study

Thorax ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Wang ◽  
Richa Singh ◽  
Bruce E Miller ◽  
Ruth Tal-Singer ◽  
Stephanie Van Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that lung microbiome dysbiosis, the disease associated disruption of the lung microbial community, might play a key role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. However, characterising temporal variability of the microbiome from large longitudinal COPD cohorts is needed to better understand this phenomenon.MethodsWe performed a 16S ribosomal RNA survey of microbiome on 716 sputum samples collected longitudinally at baseline and exacerbations from 281 subjects with COPD at three UK clinical centres as part of the COPDMAP consortium.ResultsThe microbiome composition was similar among centres and between stable and exacerbations except for a small significant decrease of Veillonella at exacerbations. The abundance of Moraxella was negatively associated with bacterial alpha diversity. Microbiomes were distinct between exacerbations associated with bacteria versus eosinophilic airway inflammation. Dysbiosis at exacerbations, measured as significant within subject deviation of microbial composition relative to baseline, was present in 41% of exacerbations. Dysbiosis was associated with increased exacerbation severity indicated by a greater fall in forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity and a greater increase in CAT score, particularly in exacerbations with concurrent eosinophilic inflammation. There was a significant difference of temporal variability of microbial alpha and beta diversity among centres. The variation of beta diversity significantly decreased in those subjects with frequent historical exacerbations.ConclusionsMicrobial dysbiosis is a feature of some exacerbations and its presence, especially in concert with eosinophilic inflammation, is associated with more severe exacerbations indicated by a greater fall in lung function.Trial registration numberResults, NCT01620645.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
S N Avdeev ◽  
N V Trushenko ◽  
Z M Merzhoeva ◽  
M S Ivanova ◽  
E V Kusraeva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease that combines various clinical manifestations and pathophysiological mechanisms. It underlies the separation of patients with COPD by phenotypes, endotypes and a personalized therapy of this disease. The implementation of this approach is possible only with the use of appropriate biomarkers. One of the most important biomarkers of COPD is eosinophilia of blood and/or sputum, which is considered as a predictor of frequent exacerbations and the effectiveness of inhaled glucocorticosteroids in patients with COPD. The literature discusses the impact of eosinophilic inflammation on the prognosis, clinical and functional parameters in COPD, and the role of the targeted therapy in the treatment of eosinophilic COPD.

Eosinophilic Inflammation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 1486-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI BALZANO ◽  
FRANCESCO STEFANELLI ◽  
CARMELA IORIO ◽  
ALBERTO DE FELICE ◽  
ENRICO M. MELILLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Eosinophilic Inflammation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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