The nomenclatural status of the amphibian and reptile nomina introduced by  La Cepède in his Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens, with comments on various questions of zoological nomenclature

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY ◽  
OLIVIER LORVELEC ◽  
ANNEMARIE OHLER
Keyword(s):  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Histoire Naturelle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The ‘suppression’ (invalidation) for nomenclatural purposes by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature of the work Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens first published by La Cepède from 1788 to 1790 brought no benefit of any kind to zoological taxonomy and nomenclature but generated several nomenclatural problems. Here we review the history of the many discussions and proposals, as well as the successive and contradictory decisions of the Commission, regarding this work and the new nomina it contains, and we make new proposals to solve some of the problems created by these decisions. We suggest the Commission should take the initiative to restore nomenclatural availability to 18 nomina of La Cepède invalidated or of unclear status following its previous actions. More generally, we think that the use of the Plenary Power by the Commission should be more strictly regulated and made less easy and straightforward, and that the whole invalidation of complete works that have been considered as nomenclaturally available for a very long time in many works (e.g., 100 works in the 100 immediately preceding years) should be forbidden, and that the Commission should rather concentrate its attention and action on nomina rather than on works. Besides, we show that the snake nomen Coluber trigonocephalus Donndorff, 1798, currently considered valid, is invalid, and should be replaced by the nomen Coluber capitetriangulatus Bonnaterre, 1790.

The dates of publication of L.A.G. Bosc’s Histoire naturelle des Crustacés

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3406 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTYN E. Y. LOW
Keyword(s):  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Histoire Naturelle

The Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, contenant leur Description et leurs Moeurs; avec figures dessinées d’après nature by Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc was published in two volumes in “An X” (Bosc 1801a, b; Fig. 1). The tenth year (“An X”) of the French Revolutionary calendar began on 23 September 1801 and ended on 22 September 1802 (Kerzhner 1984: 411). Sherborn (1922: xxviii) gave the dates of publications for both volumes of Bosc (1801a, b) as “1802”. Boyko (2008: 114) showed that Bosc’s (1801a, b) work was published prior to 28 April 1802, which was accepted by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Opinion 2238 (ICZN 2009: 371).

scholarly journals A Long Time Ago in a Library Far, Far Away ... The Adventures of the Gladiatoria Manuscript from New Haven

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
New Haven ◽  
World War ◽  
British Art ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning

In this paper I will describe the adventurous history of an important late medieval German fechtbuch—a fighting manual—that belongs to a number of manuscripts known as the Gladiatoria group. In the beginning, the extent and the characteristics of this group of codices are explained; later on I will deal with one specific specimen that formerly belonged to a library in Germany—the Herzogliche Bibliothek in Gotha—from where it vanished during or after World War II. Until quite recently this manuscript was believed to be lost. I was able to identify a Gladiatoria manuscript from the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, as that missing manuscript. The article presents a detailed description of the manuscript; it follows the path of the many places the codex passed through from the days of its creation until the present time; it offers a thorough line of argument that proves on one hand that the manuscript from New Haven is in fact identical to the one that disappeared from Gotha, and that verifies on the other hand an assumption by the renowned researcher Hans-Peter Hils that it is identical to yet another believed-to-be-lost manuscript that was sold by auction in Heidelberg in the 1950s and 1960s as single leaves; and finally it makes an attempt to reconstruct the original structure of the manuscript after it had been pulled apart.

The zoology of the Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes I'Astrolabe et la Zélée exécuté par ordre du rol pendant les années 1837–1838 –1839–1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumontd'Urville (1842–1854): titles, volumes, plates, text, contents, proposed dates and anecdotal history of the publication

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL F. CLARK ◽  
ALAIN CROSNIER
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
British Library ◽  
International Code ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

The Atlas d'Histoire Naturelle, Zoologie by Hombron and Jacquinot of the Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée exécuté par ordre du roi pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumont-d'Urville (1842–1854) comprises 40 plates. These plates were distributed in 28 livraisons published between 1842 and 1854, and their publication dates are unknown. Consequently the indication dates of the new zoological species described in the 3 text volumes, (vol. III: 1853; vol. IV: 1853; vol. V: 1854) have taken priority. But according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985), binomial named plates constitute a valid indication. The contents of the 28 livraisons are listed. Although an objective of this present study was to provide publication dates for the Atlas plates, the establishment of precise dates is considered unlikely. This paper proposes that date-stamps on the Atlas in the British Library should be adopted as dates of publication. Evidence supporting this decision is provided, including an anecdotal history of the voyage publication, which generates insight into the reasons for the many delays experienced during the production of the zoology Atlas and descriptive text.

What lies beneath the controversy as to the necessity of physical types for describing new species?

Bionomina ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
MARCOS ANDRÉ RAPOSO ◽  
GUY M. KIRWAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural World ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
International Code ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues

We discuss the philosophical tenets underpinning the current debate among taxonomists as to the need for a physical holotype in support of new species, or whether, as some scientists argue, photographs should be considered equally acceptable. At present, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature does not stipulate that the deposition of a physical specimen is required, but many taxonomists have recently called on the Commissioners of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature to modify the text of the Code on these issues in its forthcoming, fifth edition. We discuss considerations that motivate both sides in this argument, all of which pertain to philosophical and historical issues: (1) misconceptions about science; (2) a fear of the loss of control over zoological nomenclature; and (3) the difficulty inherent in making the system developed by Linnaeus for a natural world originally perceived as static, compatible with the constantly shifting one outlined by Darwin and Wallace. In conclusion we argue that the best means to understand the question is rooted in a broader comprehension of the history of taxonomy and the kind of science it represents.

scholarly journals The many streams of the Magellanic Stream

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S256) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Snežana Stanimirović ◽  
Samantha Hoffman ◽  
Carl Heiles ◽  
Kevin A. Douglas ◽  
Mary Putman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Tidal Model ◽  
Time Stamps ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Magellanic Stream ◽  
First Time

AbstractAs a part of the ongoing H i survey by the consortium for Galactic studies with the Arecibo L-band Feed Array (GALFA-HI), we have recently imaged the tip of the MS and found several long filamentary structures. This demonstrates that the northern portion of the MS, which has been interacting with the Galactic halo for a long time, is more extended than previously thought and in the form of highly organized H i structures. The observed filaments, and especially the kinematic dichotomy of H i clouds observed for the first time, agree with predictions by the Connors, Kawata & Gibson (2006) tidal model. However, specific time-stamps in the history of the Magellanic System are required to explain these phenomena. The 20-degree long filaments are accompanied by a large population of small H i clouds. We investigate the observed properties of these clouds and explore various instabilities that affect a warm tail of gas trailing through the Galactic halo. Interestingly, if the observed H i structure is mainly due to thermal instability, then the tip of the MS is at a distance of ~70 kpc.

Introduction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. McLean ◽  
Robert M. May
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ecological Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities ◽  
The Church

In this introductory chapter, we indicate the aims and structure of this book. We also indicate some of the ways in which the book is not synoptic in its coverage, but rather offers an interlinked account of some major developments in our understanding of the dynamics of ecological systems, from populations to communities, along with practical applications to important problems. Ecology is a young science. Theword ecology itself was coined not much more than 100 years ago, and the oldest professional society, the British Ecological Society, is less than a century old. Arguably the first published work on ecology was Gilbert White’s The Natural History of Selborne. This book, published in 1789, was ahead of its time in seeing plants and animals not as individual objects of wonder—things to be assembled in a cabinet of curiosities—but as parts of acommunity of living organisms, interacting with the environment, other organisms, and humans. The book has not merely remained in print, but has run steadily through well over 200 editions and translations, to attain the status of the fourth most published book (in the sense of separate editions) in the English language. The following excerpt captures White’s blend of detailed observation and concern for basic questions. Among the many singularities attending those amusing birds, the swifts, I am now confirmed in the opinion that we have every year the same number of pairs invariably; at least, the result of my inquiry has been exactly the same for a long time past. The swallows and martins are so numerous, and so widely distributed over the village, that it is hardly possible to recount them; while the swifts, though they do not all build in the church, yet so frequently haunt it, and play and rendezvous round it, that they are easily enumerated. The number that I constantly find are eight pairs, about half of which reside in the church, and the rest in some of the lowest and meanest thatched cottages.

scholarly journals A Long Time Ago in a Library Far, Far Away ... The Adventures of the Gladiatoria Manuscript from New Haven

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-208
Author(s):  
Dierk Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
New Haven ◽  
World War ◽  
British Art ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract In this paper I will describe the adventurous history of an important late medieval German fechtbuch—a fighting manual—that belongs to a number of manuscripts known as the Gladiatoria group. In the beginning, the extent and the characteristics of this group of codices are explained; later on I will deal with one specific specimen that formerly belonged to a library in Germany—the Herzogliche Bibliothek in Gotha—from where it vanished during or after World War II. Until quite recently this manuscript was believed to be lost. I was able to identify a Gladiatoria manuscript from the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut, as that missing manuscript. The article presents a detailed description of the manuscript; it follows the path of the many places the codex passed through from the days of its creation until the present time; it offers a thorough line of argument that proves on one hand that the manuscript from New Haven is in fact identical to the one that disappeared from Gotha, and that verifies on the other hand an assumption by the renowned researcher Hans-Peter Hils that it is identical to yet another believed-to-be-lost manuscript that was sold by auction in Heidelberg in the 1950s and 1960s as single leaves; and finally it makes an attempt to reconstruct the original structure of the manuscript after it had been pulled apart.

Hitler's New Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Pavlowitch ◽  
Dejan Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Communist Regime ◽  
New Order ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Balkan State ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethnic War ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia ◽  
Second World

The history of the Second World War in Yugoslavia was for a long time the preserve of the Communist regime led by Marshal Tito. It was written by those who had battled hard to come out on top of the many-sided war fought across the territory of that Balkan state after the Axis Powers had destroyed it in 1941, just before Hitler's invasion of the USSR. It was an ideological and ethnic war under occupation by rival enemy powers and armies, between many insurgents, armed bands and militias, for the survival of one group, for the elimination of another, for belief in this or that ideology, for a return to an imagined past within the Nazi New Order, or for the reconstruction of a new Yugoslavia on the side of the Allies. In fact, many wars were fought alongside, and under cover of, the Great War waged by the Allies against Hitler's New Order which, in Yugoslavia at least, turned out to be a “new disorder.” Most surviving participants have since told their stories; most archival sources are now available. This book uses them, as well as the works of historians in several languages, to understand what actually happened on the ground. The book poses more questions than it provides answers, as the author attempts a synoptic and chronological analysis of the confused yet interrelated struggles fought in 1941-5, during the short but tragic period of Hitler's failed “New Order,” over the territory that was no longer the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and not yet the Federal Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia, but that is now definitely “former Yugoslavia.”

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