Latino o cirillico? Le proposte di un alfabeto misto nelle visioni di unità jugoslava del periodo interbellico

This paper discusses the context of script choice (Latin and Cyrillic) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the late 1920s and early 1930s, focusing on bialphabetism and biliteracy as official policies of the country. I place the topic in the framework of Latinization in the interwar period and examine three texts by Yugoslav authors that propose a ‘hybrid’ writing system containing the characters of both alphabets as a solution to digraphia. It then explores some reactions to such proposals, including the one of Aleksander Belić. The article is based on the analysis of previously unknown sources found in the Matica Srpska Library in Novi Sad.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE “UNION OF THE RUSSIAN SOKOLSTVO” IN EMIGRATION IN THE 1920s AND 1930s YEARS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the “Union of the Russian Sokolstvo” in emigration in the 1920s–1930s. Having found themselves in emigration, young people were forced to adapt to new conditions, while not losing their life orientations. Youth movements and associations played a special role in socialization of the younger generation and preserving its connection with the lost homeland. The most active Sokol movement in emigration developed in Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Basing on the analysis of archival and published sources and using general scientific methods, the article analyzes the activities carried out by the “Russian Sokol” in Czechoslovakia, the “Russian Sokol” in the Kingdom of the Serbs, the Croats and the Slovenes, and shows the reasons for creating the “Union of the Russian Sokolstvo”. The study emphasizes that participation of the Russian emigrants’ oncoming generation in the activities of Sokol associations contributed to preserving their national and cultural identity, the sense of belonging to the Russian history and the Russian people. It is noted that the “Union of the Russian Sokolstvo” held such events for the local population as exhibitions, where it was possible to get acquainted with the history of the organization, to learn about Russian traditions and to establish relationships between the emigrant youth and local residents. The analysis of sources demonstrated a unified structure of Sokol associations, strict admission rules. The analyzed practices of working with the oncoming generation in Sokol associations combined physical development and raising the young people in love to the motherland, contributed to the formation of national and cultural identity. Extending its activities not only to persons over the age of 18, but to teenagers as well, the Sokol movement helped to occupy the free time of a young man, cultivated the interest in studying and sports, which helped to protect young people from the influence of the “street”.

The Genealogy of Civilization

Civilization is a concept that ontologically defines the individual and the communities in which it develops. The most global civilization is the one that has emerged in the West. Civilization is not something static, but an organism that draws its roots from the distant past. In this sense, it is fundamental to answer the question of what are the constitutive elements that define Western civilization. This question only makes sense if it is asked in a historical perspective. In this direction the Freemasonry, A Very Short Introduction is a crucial one. It presents the analysis revealing how the history of freemasonry is related to the evolution of Western identity. It has to be read in the light of Niall Ferguson’s monograph The West and the Rest. The present text does so. The book then brings to light the contribution of the brotherhood to the intellectual habitus of what is called the Judeo-Christian civilization, at the present time still predominant on the Planet. The intellectual apparatus of the Freemasonry, A Very Short Introduction permits to elucidate the history of the masonic movement and its influence on events that seem unconnected and coincidental. Thus, this article tries to explain certain historical turning points in South-Eastern Europe, precisely in the light of the masonic alliances, in particular the case of the Illyrian Provinces and the first Slovenian poet, Valentin Vodnik, and secondly, what concerns the emergence of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which the author of the article defines as the result of the masonic strategy (the Grand Lodge of France and the Grand Orient of France).

Anton Korošec in apostolski nuncij Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti: politični katolicizem, manjšinsko vprašanje in konkordat med Svetim sedežem in Kraljevino Jugoslavijo

The article discusses some key political problems in Slovene and Yugoslav history through the relationship between Anton Korošec, a Catholic priest and one of the most prominent politicians of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia, and Ermenegildo Pellegrinetti, the apostolic nuncio in the first Yugoslavia. The analysis of memoirs and archival sources presents contextualised personal insights into the politicization of the Catholic Church and the activities of Catholic parties, including the issue of nationalisms, the anti-fascist action of Slovenes and Croats in Italy and the failed attempt to adopt a Concordat between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Holy See.

Anton Korošec in padec vlade Milana Stojadinovića. O zarotah in zarotnikih

The author discusses the role of Anton Korošec in the downfall of the Milan Stojadinović government in February 1939, one of the more exciting moments of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He confronts some theoretical issues when explaining the background of the political conspiracy, which he conceives as the contrast between public and politically legitimized action. First, the meaning of structure and event. Can the government's downfall be understood as an event that happened instantaneously and was not inevitable, or can it be seen as necessary, even long-planned? Furthermore, the author wonders whether it is possible to describe the events only utilizing rational analysis and causal sequence or something missing in the process. The discussion structure is based on a chronologically challenging concept: the definition is followed by a temporal, political, and spatial contextualization, then by a cause-and-effect analysis, and finally by a conclusion.

Stevan Ivanić (1884–1948) – prilog za biografiju

Stevan Ivanić was a Serbian physician and head of the Health Services in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Socialist in his youth, in 1934 he joined the Zbor movement and promoted right-wing ideological views. He was commissar of social affairs and public health in 1941, and after the war he went into exile, where he died in 1948. The Communist authorities proclaimed him a criminal and traitor. So far, Ivanić’s biography has been available only in short encyclopedia entries. This paper is an attempt to supplement it with data from available archival material, periodicals and published literature and to present a fuller view of his professional and ideological-political activities and positions.

Former Yugoslavia

This chapter traces the common past of the healthcare systems of seven countries that formerly were part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia. Due to their common state histories, these countries witnessed similar health policy developments, marked by the introduction of a social insurance system under the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and establishment of universal healthcare during the communist period. After the break-up of the SFRY in 1992, the countries departed on independent policy trajectories, which were protracted and disrupted by conflicts over state-building and nationalism, and in some countries also by civil war.

Pravni položaj žene u Predosnovi građanskog Zakonika za Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju

The paper examines the legal position of women in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, with emphasis on the reforms proposed in the Draft Civil Code for the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The legal system of Yugoslavia was not unified and therefore the position of women differed from one legal territory to another. The paper briefly reviews legislation in the six Yugoslav legal territories with emphasis on unfavourable norms which required reforms. The Draft is analysed in detail. It enacted complete legal capacity for married women, equal inheritance rights for male and female children and improved inheritance position of widowed spouses. Adoption of a modified separate property system and diminished parental rights of mothers are considered as drawbacks of the Draft. Special rules for inheritance in rural areas and Sharia law (mandatory for the Muslim minority) are analysed as exceptions from the Draft Civil Code. Legal theory opinions on the legal position of women that were presented during the public debate on the future Civil Code are also reviewed. The conclusion analyses the appropriateness of the Draft in the context of social and political circumstances in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Milica Đurić Topalović i žensko pitanje u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji

This paper discusses the views of Milica Đurić Topalović, one of the most prominent female socialists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, on the woman question. Her unjustly neglected works Woman and Politics and Woman through Centuries have been taken as examples of characteristic socialist discourses on women’s emancipation. Milica Đurić Topalović’s views greatly advance our knowledge about the relations between various women’s organizations in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the similarities and differences between their interpretations of the concept of emancipation and the solutions to the pressing issue of women’s suffrage.

Beethoven’s Anniversary in Sarajevo in 1927

In 1927, Europe marked the centennial of the death of one of its greatest composers, Ludwig van Beet ho­ ven. At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was building the foundations of its musical institutions and trying to follow up with the more advanced cultural centers of the new state, Zagreb, Ljubljana, and Belgrade. The main feature of Bosnian musical life of the time (1918–1941) pertains to the establishment of the new musical institutions such as the National Theater (Narodno pozorište) and the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra (Sarajevska filharmonija), the fundamental institutions of musical culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina even today. This paper aims at providing an insight into the presence of Beethoven’s works in concert repertoires in Sarajevo (1918–1941), especially of the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra but also to point out the special occasion of Beethoven’s anniversary in 1927. The Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra was the only musical institution of this kind, and the most important musical society for the development of musical culture of the time; consequently, the research is based on the analysis of the society’s concert repertoire and reviews from the daily newspapers.