scholarly journals A systematic classification of Ephedraceae: living and fossil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Evolutionary Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

A number of Ephedroid macrofossils have been described from the Early Cretaceous in the last decade, indicating huge diversity of early Ephedraceae. However, relationships among these fossils and modern Ephedra remain ambiguous. This study proposes a new systematic classification of the family at the generic level based on the reduction and sterilization evolutionary hypothesis of female reproductive organs. Two subfamilies and two tribes are described as new to science. In this new classification, the family Ephedraceae consists of two subfamilies: Siphonospermoideae Y. Yang subfam. nov. and Ephedroideae Y. Yang subfam. nov., and the latter subfamily is divided again into two tribes: Liaoxieae Y. Yang trib. nov. and Ephedreae Y. Yang trib. nov. Ten genera are included in the new classification, and two genera are listed as doubtful due to their taxonomic characters being insufficient to place them in Ephedraceae. 

scholarly journals Molecular, morphological, and biogeographic perspectives on the classification of Acrobolboideae (Acrobolbaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA R. E. BRISCOE ◽  
NYREE J. C. ZEREGA ◽  
H. THORSTEN LUMBSCH ◽  
MICHAEL STECH ◽  
EKAPHAN KRAICHAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The liverwort subfamily Acrobolboideae has historically contained the three genera: Acrobolbus, Marspidium, and Tylimanthus. Generic delimitations in this subfamily have been historically inferred from morphological characters, specifically the location of gametangia. Taxonomists have had difficulty separating the genera, with some combining Tylimanthus and Acrobolbus, whereas others merged Marsupidium and Tylimanthus. We used five chloroplast loci to reconstruct a phylogeny of the group, revealing all three genera are polyphyletic as currently described. An assessment of key morphological characters used to separate genera in the subfamily resulted in several observations: characters used to circumscribe Acrobolbus were homoplasious; characters used to circumscribe each genus (e.g., the placement of female reproductive organs) do not reflect phylogenetic relationships; and the evolutionary trajectories of some characters (i.e., the number of antheridia, male reproductive organs, per male bract) correspond directly with previous evolutionary hypotheses for the family, but do not follow historical taxonomic inferences. Irrespective of generic concepts, several well–supported clades within the phylogeny have a strong biogeographic structure. Using these lines of evidence, we recognize Acrobolbus as a single genus in Acrobolboideae.

scholarly journals Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
GLENN M. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Classification

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.  

A Review of the Family Portulacaceae

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Character State ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Five Tribes

A number of attributes that has proved useful to delimit subfamilial taxa within the Portulacaceae are critically assessed and some little used ones are introduced. The attributes are polarised by an outgroup comparison and a Wagner tree constructed. Some reversals which occur on this tree are considered unacceptable and branches are moved to eliminate this factor, although a longer tree, in terms of character state changes, is produced. A phylogenetic sequence is proposed on this basis and a new classification of the family attempted. On the basis of these results it is suggested that: (1) the genus Calandrinia s.1. be divided into five genera; (2) the genera Talinaria and Anacampseros are closely related; (3) Talinum may not be a natural genus; (4) the family can be conveniently divided into five tribes. A biogeographical analysis indicates that closer floristic relationships exist between western America and Australia and between eastern America and Africa than between eastern and western America or between Australia and Africa.

scholarly journals New classification of the family Sejidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) based on morphological analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (41-43) ◽  
pp. 2317-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Lekveishvili ◽  
Hans Klompen
Keyword(s):  
New Classification ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Process of Oogenesis in Proechinocephalus Egreti (A Digenetic Trematode) Shrivastava, 1960

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Cattle Egret ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Indian Cattle ◽  
Whole Mounts ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

<div><p>         <em>Present paper deals with the study of process of oogenesis of a digenetic trematode Proechinocephalus egreti (a digenetic trematode) of the family Echinostomatidae was collected from the intestine of an Indian cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus. A few of parasites were flattened on a clean slide under the slight pressure of a cover glass &amp; fixed in Alcoholic Bouin,s fluid for 12 hours. Stains like Gover’s Carmine, Mayer’s Para carmine &amp; Haemalum were  used for the preparation of whole mounts for identification &amp; the study of female reproductive organs &amp; the process of oogenesis in Proechinocephalus egreti.  </em></p></div>

Phylogenetic relationships and a new classification of the family Cyclopteridae (Perciformes: Cottoidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANAMI OKU ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
MAMORU YABE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Process ◽  
Transformation Series

 Phylogenetic relationships of the family Cyclopteridae were reconstructed based on osteological and external characters.  The monophyly of the family was strongly supported by 47 commonly recognized synapomorphies, including six autapomorphies (plus one additional autapomorphy, presence of a dorsal process on the pelvis, recognized after the phylogenetic analysis) among the suborder Cottoidei.  As a result of the cladistic analysis, a single most parsimonious phylogeny was obtained, based on characters in 32 transformation series.  A new classification of Cyclopteridae based on reconstructed relationships, including three subfamilies [Liparopsinae, Cyclopterinae and Eumicrotreminae (newly established)] and four genera (Aptocyclus, Cyclopsis, Cyclopterus and Eumicrotremus), is proposed.    

scholarly journals Families classification including multiopposition asteroids

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S318) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Milani ◽  
Federica Spoto ◽  
Zoran Knežević ◽  
Bojan Novaković ◽  
Georgios Tsirvoulis
Keyword(s):  
Improved Method ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Independent Families ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Current List ◽  
Asteroid Families

AbstractIn this paper we present the results of our new classification of asteroid families, upgraded by using catalog with > 500,000 asteroids. We discuss the outcome of the most recent update of the family list and of their membership. We found enough evidence to perform 9 mergers of the previously independent families. By introducing an improved method of estimation of the expected family growth in the less populous regions (e.g. at high inclination) we were able to reliably decide on rejection of one tiny group as a probable statistical fluke. Thus we reduced our current list to 115 families. We also present newly determined ages for 6 families, including complex 135 and 221, improving also our understanding of the dynamical vs. collisional families relationship. We conclude with some recommendations for the future work and for the family name problem.

Replacement name for Cleta Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4869 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
KAROL SZAWARYN ◽  
WIOLETTA TOMASZEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Ladybird Beetles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
World Fauna

Recently the classification of the ladybird beetles’ tribe Epilachnini was revised based on morphological and molecular data (Szawaryn et al. 2015, Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016). Based on these findings a new classification of the tribe was proposed. The genus Epilachna Chevrolat in Dejean, 1837 sensu lato was split into several clades, with Epilachna sensu stricto limited to New World fauna, and one of the Afrotropical clades, formerly defined as Epilachna sahlbergi-group (Fürsch 1963), has been named Chazeauiana Tomaszewska & Szawaryn, 2015 (Szawaryn et al. 2015), with Epilachna sahlbergi Mulsant, 1850 as the type species. However, that taxon received an unnecessary replacement name, as Mulsant (1850) already described a subgenus of Epilachna named Cleta distributed in Afrotropics, with Epilachna eckloni Mulsant, 1850 as the type species, which also belongs to the E. sahlbergi-group. Consequently Cleta has been elevated to the genus level (Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016) and Chazeuiana was synonymized with Cleta as a junior synonym. Nonetheless, authors (Tomaszewska & Szawaryn 2016) were not aware that the name Cleta is preoccupied. It appeared that Duponchel (1845) established the genus Cleta in the family Geometridae (Lepidoptera) that makes Cleta Mulsant (1850) a junior homonym. Therefore, we propose here Afrocleta nom. nov. as a replacement name for Cleta Mulsant, 1850. 

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