scholarly journals Diurnal hawk moth pollination of Melampyrum koreanum (Orobanchaceae) and the origin of this endemic Korean species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangjin Jo ◽  
Dong-Keun Yi ◽  
Ki-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Floral Tube ◽  
Hawk Moth ◽  
Moth Pollination ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Strong Candidate

Melampyrum koreanum (Orobanchaceae) was described recently as an endemic species in Korea. This study examined the distribution range, relationship with the host plant, flower developmental pattern, pollinator, pollination mechanism, and seed development of M. koreanum (Orobanchaceae) on the island of Somaemul-do, Korea. M. koreanum is hemiparasitic and a strong candidate for its host plant is Pinus thunbergii, with which it is distributed sympatrically. The flower of M. koreanum represents a typical hawk moth pollination syndrome. Macroglossum pyrrhostictum Butler (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera), a diurnal hawk moth, is the only efficient pollinator. The proboscis length of M. pyrrhostictum and the floral tube length of M. koreanum are well coordinated, and the positions of the anther and stigma of M. koreanum are mechanically conformed to hawk moth pollination. The results suggest that adaptation to the pollinator is the main factor that has affected the evolution of the longer floral tube of M. koreanum compare to other species. Pollinator conservation in the native range of M. koreanum is an important issue for the conservation of endemic plant species, and it is necessary to establish a conservation plan for the host plant, Pinus thunbergii, as well as M. koreanum.

scholarly journals Divergence of chemosensing during the early stages of speciation

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (28) ◽  
pp. 16438-16447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas van Schooten ◽  
Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa ◽  
Steven M. Van Belleghem ◽  
Chris D. Jiggins ◽  
John D. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Chemosensory communication is essential to insect biology, playing indispensable roles during mate-finding, foraging, and oviposition behaviors. These traits are particularly important during speciation, where chemical perception may serve to establish species barriers. However, identifying genes associated with such complex behavioral traits remains a significant challenge. Through a combination of transcriptomic and genomic approaches, we characterize the genetic architecture of chemoperception and the role of chemosensing during speciation for a young species pair ofHeliconiusbutterflies,Heliconius melpomeneandHeliconius cydno. We provide a detailed description of chemosensory gene-expression profiles as they relate to sensory tissue (antennae, legs, and mouthparts), sex (male and female), and life stage (unmated and mated female butterflies). Our results untangle the potential role of chemical communication in establishing barriers during speciation and identify strong candidate genes for mate and host plant choice behaviors. Of the 252 chemosensory genes,HmOBP20(involved in volatile detection) andHmGr56(a putative synephrine-related receptor) emerge as strong candidates for divergence in pheromone detection and host plant discrimination, respectively. These two genes are not physically linked to wing-color pattern loci or other genomic regions associated with visual mate preference. Altogether, our results provide evidence for chemosensory divergence betweenH. melpomeneandH. cydno, two rarely hybridizing butterflies with distinct mate and host plant preferences, a finding that supports a polygenic architecture of species boundaries.

Intraspecific divergence in floral‐tube length promotes asymmetric pollen movement and reproductive isolation

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 1160-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corneile Minnaar ◽  
Marinus L. de Jager ◽  
Bruce Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Floral Tube ◽  
Pollen Movement

scholarly journals Intraspecific divergence and convergence of floral tube length in specialized pollination interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20141420 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anderson ◽  
P. Ros ◽  
T. J. Wiese ◽  
A. G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Floral Tube ◽  
Adaptive Specialization ◽  
Pollinator Fauna

Floral tubes are often thought to be a consequence of adaptive specialization towards pollinator morphology. We explore floral tube length evolution within Tritoniopsis revoluta (Iridaceae), a species with considerable geographical tube length variation. We ask whether tube lengths of T. revoluta populations are associated with pollinator proboscis lengths, whether floral divergence occurs in the presence of different pollinators and whether floral convergence occurs between distantly related populations pollinated by the same pollinator. Finally, we ask whether tube length evolution is directional. Shifts between morphologically different pollinators were always associated with shifts in floral morphology, even when populations were very closely related. Distantly related populations had similar tube lengths when they were pollinated by the same pollinator. Shifts in tube length tended to be from short to long, although reversals were not infrequent. After correcting for the population-level phylogeny, there was a strong positive, linear relationship between floral tube length and pollinator proboscis length, suggesting that plants are functionally specialized on different pollinators at different sites. However, because tube length evolution in this system can be a bidirectional process, specialization to the local pollinator fauna is unlikely to result in evolutionary or ecological dead-ends such as canalization or range limitation.

Long pollinia on eyes: hawk-moth pollination of Cynorkis uniflora Lindley (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. ANDERS NILSSON ◽  
ELISABETH RABAKONANDRIANINA ◽  
ROTAHARIVELO RAZANANAIVO ◽  
JEAN-JACQUES RANDRIAMANINDRY
Keyword(s):  
Hawk Moth ◽  
Moth Pollination

scholarly journals Pollination, mating and reproductive fitness in a plant population with bimodal floral-tube length

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anderson ◽  
A. Pauw ◽  
W. W. Cole ◽  
S. C. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Floral Tube

Maintenance of sympatric floral tube-length variation in a Cape irid

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETRA ROS ◽  
ALLAN G. ELLIS ◽  
BRUCE ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Tube Length ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Floral Tube

Systematics, phylogeny and host associations of the Australian endemic monaloniine genus Rayieria Odhiambo (Insecta : Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna A. Namyatova ◽  
Gerasimos Cassis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Host Associations

The Australian endemic plant bug genus Rayieria Odhiambo (Heteroptera : Miridae : Bryocorinae : Monaloniina) is revised. Ten species are described as new to science: Rayieria acaciae, sp. nov., R. albaornata, sp. nov., R. decorata, sp. nov., R. frontalis, sp. nov., R. gearyi, sp. nov., R. grandiocula, sp. nov., R. kennedyi, sp. nov., R. minuta, sp. nov.. R. queenslandica, sp. nov., and R. rubranigra, sp. nov. Rayieria braconoides (Walker) and R. tumidiceps (Horváth) are synonymised with R. basifer (Walker), syn. nov. Diagnoses, descriptions, distribution records and host-plant information for all species are given. Digital habitus illustrations of males and females are provided for most species and sexes where available. Male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species. A key to all species is given. Phylogenetic analysis of the ingroup relationships of Rayieria is given, based on 11 ingroups, 16 outgroups and 56 morphological characters. The analysis supports monophyly of Rayieria and establishes a clade comprising all other elongate monaloniine genera, inclusive of Arthriticus Bergroth, Ragwelellus Odhiambo, Helopeltis Signoret and Monalonion Herrich-Schaeffer. Braconid-mimic species of Rayieria are reported. Host-plant associations for this genus and the subtribe Monaloniina are discussed.

scholarly journals Testing Pollination Syndromes in Oenothera (Onagraceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra N. Krakos ◽  
Matthew W. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Moth Pollination ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Floral Form ◽  
The Relationship

Pollinators are considered a major selective force in shaping the diversification of angiosperms. It has been hypothesized that convergent evolution of floral form has resulted in “pollination syndromes” - i.e. suites of floral traits that correspond to attraction of particular pollinator functional groups. Across the literature, the pollination syndrome concept has received mixed support. This may be due to studies using different methods to describe floral traits and/or the pollination syndrome concept being supported more often in species highly reliant on pollinators for reproduction. Here, we assess the predictive ability of pollination syndromes in Oenothera, a species rich clade with pollination systems existing on a gradient of specialization, and in which species are either self-compatible or self-incompatible. We ask the following questions: Do Oenothera species follow the pollination syndrome concept using traditional, categorical floral trait descriptions and/or quantitative floral trait measurements? And, are floral traits more predictive of primary pollinators in species with specialized pollination systems and/or species that are self-incompatible? Mapping floral traits of 54 Oenothera species into morphospace, we do not find support for the pollination syndrome concept using either categorical or quantitative floral trait descriptions. We do not find support for specialization or breeding system influencing the prediction of primary pollinators. However, we find pollination syndromes were more predictive in Oenothera species with moth pollination systems. Collectively, these results suggest that the pollination syndrome concept cannot be generally applied across taxa and that evolutionary history is important to consider when evaluating the relationship between floral form and contemporary pollinators. 

scholarly journals Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium J.Koenig (Zingiberaceae): one of Mr. Darwin’s tropical fantasies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajith Ashokan ◽  
Piyakaset Suksathan ◽  
Jana Leong-Škorničková ◽  
Mark Newman ◽  
W. John Kress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversification Rate ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Bird Pollination ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Moth Pollination ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Inflorescence Structure ◽  
Pollination Systems

ABSTRACTPREMISEHedychium J.Koenig (ginger lilies: Zingiberaceae) is endemic to the Indo-Malayan Realm (IMR) and is known for its fragrant flowers. Two different pollination syndromes characterize the genus: diurnal or bird pollination and nocturnal or moth pollination systems. To date, no attempt has been undertaken to understand the evolution of floral traits in this genus.METHODSWe estimated ancestral character-states, phylogenetic signals, and character correlations for thirteen discrete and eight continuous floral traits representing 75% species diversity of Hedychium. Diversification rate estimation analyses were also employed to understand trait-dependent diversification in the genus.RESULTSInflorescence structure, cincinnus capacity, and curvature of floral tubes revealed strong phylogenetic dependence, whereas number of open flowers per inflorescence per day, color of the labellum, and exertion of the stigma characterized higher ecological effects. Diversification rate estimations suggested that the labellum width, floral tube length, and labellum color played a major role in the evolutionary diversification of Hedychium.CONCLUSIONSWe identified bract type and cincinnus capacity as synapomorphies for Hedychium, while the island-specific clade III was characterized by slender cylindrical inflorescence, coiling of floral tubes, and longer bract to calyx ratio. The circum-Himalayan clade IV is the most speciose, derived, and with most variable floral traits. Although floral color and size lacked any association with pollinator-specific traits (moth and bird pollination), pale colored flowers were most common in the early diverging clades (clade I, II-el., and II-de.), indicating their ancestral nature, when compared to brightly colored flowers.

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