<p><strong>Biogeographic origins and floristic affinities of the bryophytes of the Tota-Bijagual-Mamapacha complex in the Páramos of Boyacá, Colombia</strong></p>

Páramos are Neotropical high-elevation isolated ecosystems in the Andes. These areas are inhabited by many distinct plant species, such as bryophytes, which provide environmental services including the storage and regulation of surface and groundwater; however, the diversity and biogeographic affinities of bryophytes are still unknown. We used phytogeographic analysis and biogeographic regionalization approaches to determine the biogeographic origins and floristic affinities of this flora in the Tota-Bijagual-Mamapacha (TBM) páramos complex. We found 219 species of bryophytes, 145 mosses, and 75 liverworts. These species are mainly of Neotropical origin, although we also found relationships with Ethiopian, Nearctic, Australian, Antarctic, Palearctic and Oriental regions. According to Morrone (2014), the TBM is located in the South American Transition Zone, the Páramo province, and the Páramos de la cordillera Oriental biogeographic district. The TBM had important floristic relationships with the South Brazilian subregion and the Magdalena province. We found no endemic species to the TBM complex, but identified several endemic species for the Andean páramos.

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On the Pleistocene Snow-Line Depression in the Arid Regions of the South American Andes

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000013228 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 10 (59) ◽

pp. 255-267

Author(s):

Stefan L. Hastenrath

Keyword(s):

Arid Regions ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Temperate Latitude ◽

The Andes ◽

Western Cordillera ◽

Snow Line ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Arid Regions ◽

June July

AbstractField observations during a journey through the arid regions of the South American Andes in June-July 1969 are evaluated in conjunction with available air photographs and reports from adjacent regions of the High Andes. Results indicate an increase of the Pleistocene snow-line depression in the western Cordillera from about 700 m at lat. 12° S. to more than 1 500 m at lat. 30° S. The Pleistocene snow-line depression decreases from the Pacific to the Atlantic side of the Andes, but particularly strongly so on the poleward fringe of the arid region. From this geomorphic evidence it is suggested that the atmospheric circulation during the glacial period was characterized by an Equatorward displacement of the boundary between tropical easterlies and temperate-latitude westerlies.

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Centennial-scale precipitation anomalies in the southern Altiplano (18° S) suggest an extratropical driver for the South American summer monsoon during the late Holocene

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-15-1845-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1845-1859 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ignacio A. Jara ◽

Antonio Maldonado ◽

Leticia González ◽

Armand Hernández ◽

Alberto Sáez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Large Scale ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Austral Summer ◽

High Elevation ◽

South American ◽

Tropical Andes ◽

The South ◽

Precipitation Anomalies

Abstract. Modern precipitation anomalies in the Altiplano, South America, are closely linked to the strength of the South American summer monsoon (SASM), which is influenced by large-scale climate features sourced in the tropics such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the timing, direction, and spatial extent of precipitation changes prior to the instrumental period are still largely unknown, preventing a better understanding of the long-term drivers of the SASM and their effects over the Altiplano. Here we present a detailed pollen reconstruction from a sedimentary sequence covering the period between 4500 and 1000 cal yr BP in Lago Chungará (18∘ S; 4570 m a.s.l.), a high-elevation lake on the southwestern margin of the Altiplano where precipitation is delivered almost exclusively during the mature phase of the SASM over the austral summer. We distinguish three well-defined centennial-scale anomalies, with dry conditions between 4100–3300 and 1600–1000 cal yr BP and a conspicuous humid interval between 2400 and 1600 cal yr BP, which resulted from the weakening and strengthening of the SASM, respectively. Comparisons with other climate reconstructions from the Altiplano, the Atacama Desert, the tropical Andes, and the southwestern Atlantic coast reveal that – unlike modern climatological controls – past precipitation anomalies at Lago Chungará were largely decoupled from north–south shifts in the ITCZ and ENSO. A regionally coherent pattern of centennial-scale SASM variations and a significant latitudinal gradient in precipitation responses suggest the contribution of an extratropical moisture source for the SASM, with significant effects on precipitation variability in the southern Altiplano.

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Volcanism rather than climatic oscillations explains the shared phylogeographic patterns among ecologically distinct plant species in the southernmost areas of the South American Arid Diagonal

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics ◽

10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 125542

Author(s):

Matias Cristian Baranzelli ◽

Andrea Cosacov ◽

Nicolás Rocamundi ◽

Eduardo Andrés Issaly ◽

Dana Lucía Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Climatic Oscillations

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Microsatellites and 16S sequences corroborate phenotypic evidence of trans-Andean variation in the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1079/ber2005359 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L.M. Winder ◽

C.B. Phillips ◽

C. Lenney-Williams ◽

R.P. Cane ◽

K. Paterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Andes Mountains ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

The Andes ◽

16S Gene ◽

Pasture Grasses ◽

Geographical Populations ◽

Listronotus Bonariensis ◽

Microctonus Hyperodae ◽

Chilean Populations

AbstractEight South American geographical populations of the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan were collected in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) and released in New Zealand for biological control of the weevilListronotus bonariensis(Kuschel), a pest of pasture grasses and cereals. DNA sequencing (16S, COI, 28S, ITS1, β-tubulin), RAPD, AFLP, microsatellite, SSCP and RFLP analyses were used to seek markers for discriminating between the South American populations. All of the South American populations were more homogeneous than expected. However, variation in microsatellites and 16S gene sequences corroborated morphological, allozyme and other phenotypic evidence of trans-Andes variation between the populations. The Chilean populations were the most genetically variable, while the variation present on the eastern side of the Andes mountains was a subset of that observed in Chile.

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A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. (Coleoptera: Melyridae) from the South American Transition Zone, Argentina

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4441 (3) ◽

pp. 537

Author(s):

PATRICIA M. ESTRADA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Transition Zone ◽

Adult Male ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

Central Chile ◽

Male And Female ◽

A New Species

A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, A. arquatus n. sp. from Argentina, is described using external characters of the adult male and female including terminal segments of the abdomen and genitalia. Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. is morphologically close to A. tibialis Solier, 1849 from the Central Chile sub region, suggesting a phylogenetic connection. Comments on the possible origin of this relationship are made.

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Warriors and caimans surrounding the Andes: recent approaches to the study of indigenous peoples of the South American lowlands in the context of violence and transformations

Social Anthropology ◽

10.1111/1469-8676.12387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 97-101

Author(s):

Juan Javier Rivera Andía

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

The Andes

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The genetic prehistory of the Andean highlands 7,000 Years BP though European contact

10.1101/381905 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

John Lindo ◽

Randall Haas ◽

Courtney Hofman ◽

Mario Apata ◽

Mauricio Moraga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogen Resistance ◽

High Elevation ◽

South American ◽

European Contact ◽

The Andes ◽

Complex Modes ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Complex Process ◽

Complex Picture ◽

Andean Highlands

AbstractThe peopling of the Andean highlands above 2500m in elevation was a complex process that included cultural, biological and genetic adaptations. Here we present a time series of ancient whole genomes from the Andes of Peru, dating back to 7,000 calendar years before present (BP), and compare them to 64 new genome-wide genetic variation datasets from both high and lowland populations. We infer three significant features: a split between low and high elevation populations that occurred between 9200-8200 BP; a population collapse after European contact that is significantly more severe in South American lowlanders than in highland populations; and evidence for positive selection at genetic loci related to starch digestion and plausibly pathogen resistance after European contact. Importantly, we do not find selective sweep signals related to known components of the human hypoxia response, which may suggest more complex modes of genetic adaptation to high altitude.One Sentence SummaryAncient DNA from the Andes reveals a complex picture of human adaptation from early settlement to the colonial period.

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Revision of the bee genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Part IV: A new species from southwestern Colombia

Journal of Melittology ◽

10.17161/jom.v0i34.4736 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Michael S. Engel ◽

Victor H. Gonzalez ◽

Ismael A. Hinojosa-Díaz

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South American ◽

The South ◽

South American Species ◽

The Andes ◽

A New Species

A new species of the diverse augochlorine bee genus Chlerogella Michener (Halictinae: Augochlorini) is described and figured from southwestern Colombia. Chlerogella anchicaya Engel, Gonzalez, & Hinojosa-Díaz, new species, is similar to C. agaylei Engel and C. materdonnae Engel, both occurring on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. There are also some similarities with C. eumorpha Engel from the western Andean foothills in northern Ecuador, but differences in rostral length and male terminalia can distinguish these species. Revised couplets are provided to the South American species of Chlerogella to permit identification of the new species.

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