Microsatellites and 16S sequences corroborate phenotypic evidence of trans-Andean variation in the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Winder ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
C. Lenney-Williams ◽  
R.P. Cane ◽  
K. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andes Mountains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Andes ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae ◽  
Chilean Populations

AbstractEight South American geographical populations of the parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan were collected in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) and released in New Zealand for biological control of the weevilListronotus bonariensis(Kuschel), a pest of pasture grasses and cereals. DNA sequencing (16S, COI, 28S, ITS1, β-tubulin), RAPD, AFLP, microsatellite, SSCP and RFLP analyses were used to seek markers for discriminating between the South American populations. All of the South American populations were more homogeneous than expected. However, variation in microsatellites and 16S gene sequences corroborated morphological, allozyme and other phenotypic evidence of trans-Andes variation between the populations. The Chilean populations were the most genetically variable, while the variation present on the eastern side of the Andes mountains was a subset of that observed in Chile.

scholarly journals Allozyme variation between South American geographic populations of Microctonus hyperodae

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Iline ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
H.M. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
South American Population ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

Eight South American geographic populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) have been released in New Zealand to help suppress the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Colepotera Curculionidae) Parasitoids from each South American population were released in equal numbers throughout New Zealand It was postulated that the population(s) best suited to the conditions encountered at each New Zealand release locality would eventually become prevalent there Genetic markers which will enable the South American populations that have become successful in New Zealand to be identified are being developed and this paper reports a preliminary assessment of M hyperodae allozyme variation Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was the only variable enzyme of the six that were assayed and it exhibited variation consistent with the presence of two alleles All parasitoids from east of the Andes (Argentina Brazil and Uruguay) were heterozygous (MDHa/MDHb) while all those from the west (Chile) were homozygous (MDHa/MDHa) This corroborates earlier morphometric evidence of genetic differentiation between South American populations and indicates that work with additional enzymes should yield more markers

scholarly journals Progress in defining the significance of intraspecific variation to the success of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
R.P. Cane ◽  
S.L. Goldson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

Releases of eight South American geographic populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) began in New Zealand in 1991 to assist in the suppression of the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) A morphometric analysis of M hyperodae adults collected from five of the New Zealand release sites during 199294 indicated that parasitoids derived from west of the South American Andes were significantly less successful than those from east of the Andes It was postulated that parasitoids from west of the Andes were either poorly adapted to New Zealand conditions and unable to establish or were reasonably well adapted to New Zealand conditions but were slightly less competitive than parasitoids from east of the Andes Preliminary results from a field experiment where parasitoids from east and west of the Andes were released separately strongly support the latter possibility

scholarly journals Distribution and biotypic composition of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in Hawkes Bay

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
I.I. Iline ◽  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
R.P. Cane
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
East And West ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae

The Argentine stem weevil parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) was first released in Hawkes Bay at two locations in 1995 In 2000 eight Hawkes Bay sites situated up to ca 55 km from the original release sites were surveyed to determine the presence of M hyperodae The parasitoid was recovered from all eight sites with the proportion of weevils parasitised at each site ranging from 1 to 44 Although parasitoids originating from east and west of the South American Andes mountains had been introduced to both Hawkes Bay release locations in 1995 genetic markers based on variation in malate dehydrogenase allozymes showed that eastern parasitoids predominated at all of the sites sampled in 2000 with western parasitoids occurring in low numbers at only three sites These results are compared with previous results from other New Zealand locations and their implications discussed

scholarly journals The influence of the Andes mountains on the South American low-level flow

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 7-1-7-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Campetella ◽  
Carolina S. Vera
Keyword(s):  
Andes Mountains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Andes

Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins ofMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Iline ◽  
C.B. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
South American ◽  
Isofemale Lines ◽  
The South ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isozyme ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis

AbstractThe thelytokous parasitoid,Microctonus hyperodaeLoan, was collected from eight South American locations and introduced to New Zealand in 1991 for biological control of Argentine stem weevil,Listronotus bonariensis(Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Parasitoids from each population were released in equal numbers at each New Zealand site to give them the same opportunities to establish. Population markers have been sought to identify the South American geographic populations that have become most successful in New Zealand. These would assist in determining the importance of concepts such as climate matching and host–parasitoid coevolution to the establishment of natural enemies in new regions for biological control. Vertical polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to survey 16 enzymes and ten calcium binding proteins, and this paper reports variation at three putative loci. Malate dehydrogenase, a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase isozyme and a calcium binding protein exhibited clear genetic variation, each with two alleles. AllM. hyperodaeisofemale lines from east of the Andes mountains shared one genotype, all but one from west of the Andes shared another, while a population from within the Andes contained both genotypes. This variation was highly congruent with previously described morphometric variation. At two loci, the maintenance of heterozygotes, and the absence of homozygotes, within isofemale lines suggestedM. hyperodaethelytoky is apomictic.

scholarly journals On the Pleistocene Snow-Line Depression in the Arid Regions of the South American Andes

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (59) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Stefan L. Hastenrath
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Temperate Latitude ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Western Cordillera ◽  
Snow Line ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
June July

AbstractField observations during a journey through the arid regions of the South American Andes in June-July 1969 are evaluated in conjunction with available air photographs and reports from adjacent regions of the High Andes. Results indicate an increase of the Pleistocene snow-line depression in the western Cordillera from about 700 m at lat. 12° S. to more than 1 500 m at lat. 30° S. The Pleistocene snow-line depression decreases from the Pacific to the Atlantic side of the Andes, but particularly strongly so on the poleward fringe of the arid region. From this geomorphic evidence it is suggested that the atmospheric circulation during the glacial period was characterized by an Equatorward displacement of the boundary between tropical easterlies and temperate-latitude westerlies.

Linear patterns of dispersal and build up of the introduced parasitoidMicroctonus hyperodae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Canterbury, New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Goldson ◽  
J.R. Proffitt ◽  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
D.B. Baird
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Release Site ◽  
South American ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The South ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

AbstractThe dispersal ofMicroctonus hyperodaeLoan, an introduced parasitoid of the South American grassland pestListronotus bonariensisKuschel, was measured in Canterbury, New Zealand. Considering all directions, the mean annual dispersive increment was 1.9 ± 0.9 km year–1as measured in the winters of 1993, 1994 and 1995. The parasitoid’s ground distribution suggested that its movement was biased towards the south-west indicating probable wind-borne dispersal. The overall relatively low rate of dispersal was thought to be related to the inhibitory effects ofM. hyperodaeparasitism onL. bonariensisflight. A generalized linear model fitted to percentage ofL. bonariensisparasitized took a simple form, with a quadratic increase in weevil infection, that with time, gradually decreased. The build-up of parasitism at the release site was significantly greater than the rates at the other sites measured in this study (P< 0.001) with a ratio of release site: dispersal site rates of 1.33: 1. The simplicity of the fitted generalized linear model indicated remarkable uniformity in both parasitism build-up and dispersal from one year to the next; this finding indicated that all dispersal was ‘natural’ and unassisted by human activity. Despite such modest dispersal rates, by the winter of 1996, five years after its release, the parasitoid had spread geometrically over an area ofc. 140 km2.

scholarly journals Revision of the bee genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Part IV: A new species from southwestern Colombia

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
Victor H. Gonzalez ◽  
Ismael A. Hinojosa-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the diverse augochlorine bee genus Chlerogella Michener (Halictinae: Augochlorini) is described and figured from southwestern Colombia.  Chlerogella anchicaya Engel, Gonzalez, & Hinojosa-Díaz, new species, is similar to C. agaylei Engel and C. materdonnae Engel, both occurring on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador.  There are also some similarities with C. eumorpha Engel from the western Andean foothills in northern Ecuador, but differences in rostral length and male terminalia can distinguish these species.  Revised couplets are provided to the South American species of Chlerogella to permit identification of the new species.

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